Molecular imaging of oxidative stress using an LED-based photoacoustic imaging system

• Published in: Scientific reports 2019-08, Vol.9 (1), p.11378-10, Article 11378
• Main Authors: Hariri, Ali, Zhao, Eric, Jeevarathinam, Ananthakrishna Soundaram, Lemaster, Jeanne, Zhang, Jianjian, Jokerst, Jesse V.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 14/10; 631/1647/245/1859; 631/1647/245/2160; Animals; Cell Line; Fluorescence microscopy; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry; Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism; Laboratories; Lasers; Light emitting diodes; Macrophages; Mice; Microscopy; Molecular Imaging - methods; multidisciplinary; Nitrogen dioxide; Oxidative Stress; Peroxynitrite; Peroxynitrous Acid - chemistry; Peroxynitrous Acid - metabolism; Photoacoustic Techniques - methods; Photobleaching; Reactive nitrogen species; Reactive Nitrogen Species - analysis; Reactive Nitrogen Species - chemistry; Reactive Nitrogen Species - metabolism; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - analysis; Reactive Oxygen Species - chemistry; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Scanners; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sodium; Ultrasonic imaging
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47599-2

LED-based photoacoustic imaging has practical value in that it is affordable and rugged; however, this technology has largely been confined to anatomic imaging with limited applications into functional or molecular imaging. Here, we report molecular imaging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) with a near-infrared (NIR) absorbing small molecule (CyBA) and LED-based photoacoustic imaging equipment. CyBA produces increasing photoacoustic signal in response to peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) with photoacoustic signal increases of 3.54 and 4.23-fold at 50 µM of RONS at 700 nm, respectively. CyBA is insensitive to OCl − , ˙NO, NO 2 − , NO 3 − , tBuOOH, O 2 − , C 4 H 9 O˙, HNO, and ˙OH, but can detect ONOO − in whole blood and plasma. CyBA was then used to detect endogenous RONS in macrophage RAW 246.7 cells as well as a rodent model; these results were confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, CyB suffers photobleaching under a Nd:YAG laser but the signal decrease is