Trends in cannabis use disorder by cigarette smoking status in the United States, 2002–2016

• Published in: Drug and alcohol dependence 2018-10, Vol.191, p.45-51
• Main Authors: Weinberger, Andrea H., Pacek, Lauren R., Wall, Melanie M., Zvolensky, Michael J., Copeland, Jan, Galea, Sandro, Nahvi, Shadi, Moeller, Scott J., Hasin, Deborah S., Goodwin, Renee D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Cannabis use disorder; Child; Cigarette smoking; Cigarette Smoking - epidemiology; Cigarettes; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demographics; Demography; Drug abuse; Drug addiction; Drug use; Epidemiology; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana; Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology; Mental disorders; Middle Aged; NSDUH; Prevalence; Smoke; Smoking; Trends; United States - epidemiology; Young Adult; Youth
• ISSN: 0376-8716; 1879-0046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.016

•This study investigated changes in cannabis use disorders (CUDs) by smoking status.•The prevalence of CUD increased from 2002 to 2016 among non-daily smokers.•The prevalence of CUD did not change from 2002 to 2016 for daily smokers.•In 2016, CUD was 2–4 times more common among smokers than non-smokers.•In 2016, youth who smoked were 10–14 times more likely to meet criteria for CUD. Cannabis use is on the rise in the United States (US) and is disproportionately common among cigarette smokers. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) occurs among a small subset of cannabis users and may impact cigarette use. The objective of this study was to estimate trends in the prevalence of CUD among daily, non-daily, former, and never cigarette smokers from 2002 to 2016. Data were drawn from cross-sectional, nationally representative samples of individuals ages 12 and older in the US that were collected annually. The prevalence of past 12-month CUD was estimated each year from 2002 to 2016 among daily, non-daily, former, and never cigarette smokers (total analytic N = 837,326). Overall, the prevalence of CUD decreased from 2002 to 2016. Yet, trends differed by cigarette smoking status. Adjusting for demographics, the prevalence of CUD increased significantly among non-daily smokers (aOR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01–1.03) from 2002 to 2016 and did not change among daily, former, or never smokers. CUD was significantly more common among non-daily (4.32%) and daily cigarette smokers (2.92%) compared with former (0.99%) and never smokers (1.11%) in 2016. Approximately one in five (18.11%–22.87%) youth ages 12–17 who smoke cigarettes met criteria for CUD in 2016, compared with approximately 2% of non-smoking youth. Despite downward trends in CUD observed at the general population level, the prevalence of CUD significantly increased among non-daily cigarette smokers from 2002 to 2016. In the US, CUD remains significantly higher among cigarette smokers relative to non-cigarette smokers.