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When and where mortality occurs throughout the annual cycle changes with age in a migratory bird: individual vs population implications
The annual cycle of most animals is structured into discrete stages, such as breeding, migration and dispersal. While there is growing appreciation of the importance of different stages of an organism’s annual cycle for its fitness and population dynamics, almost nothing is known about if and how su...
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Published in: | Scientific reports 2019-11, Vol.9 (1), p.17352-8, Article 17352 |
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description | The annual cycle of most animals is structured into discrete stages, such as breeding, migration and dispersal. While there is growing appreciation of the importance of different stages of an organism’s annual cycle for its fitness and population dynamics, almost nothing is known about if and how such seasonal effects can change through a species lifespan. Here, we take advantage of the opportunity offered by a long-term satellite/GPS-tracking study and a reliable method of remote death-detection to show that certain stages of both the annual and life cycle of a migratory long-lived raptor, the Black kite
Milvus migrans
, may represent sensitive bottlenecks for survival. In particular, migratory journeys caused bursts of concentrated-mortality throughout life, but the relative importance of stage-specific survival changed with age. On the other hand, the balance between short-stages of high mortality and long-stages of low mortality made population-growth similarly dependent on all portions of the annual cycle. Our results illustrate how the population dynamics of migratory organisms can be inextricably linked to ecological pressures balanced over multiple stages of the annual cycle and thus multiple areas of the globe, suggesting the frequent need for challenging conservation strategies targeting all portions of a species year-round range. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-019-54026-z |
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Milvus migrans
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Milvus migrans
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Milvus migrans
, may represent sensitive bottlenecks for survival. In particular, migratory journeys caused bursts of concentrated-mortality throughout life, but the relative importance of stage-specific survival changed with age. On the other hand, the balance between short-stages of high mortality and long-stages of low mortality made population-growth similarly dependent on all portions of the annual cycle. Our results illustrate how the population dynamics of migratory organisms can be inextricably linked to ecological pressures balanced over multiple stages of the annual cycle and thus multiple areas of the globe, suggesting the frequent need for challenging conservation strategies targeting all portions of a species year-round range.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>31758057</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-019-54026-z</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | 631/158/1745 631/158/2039 Africa, Western Age Factors Animal Migration - physiology Animals Birds - physiology Birds of prey Dispersal Geographic Information Systems Geography Global positioning systems GPS Humanities and Social Sciences Life cycles Life span Longevity - physiology Mauritania Migratory birds Morocco Mortality multidisciplinary Population Dynamics Raptors - physiology Reproduction - physiology Science Science (multidisciplinary) Seasons Spain Survival Time Factors |
title | When and where mortality occurs throughout the annual cycle changes with age in a migratory bird: individual vs population implications |
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