Diel and tidal pCO2 × O2 fluctuations provide physiological refuge to early life stages of a coastal forage fish

Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in p CO 2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these p CO 2 and DO cycles in severity and dura...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2019-12, Vol.9 (1), p.1-11, Article 18146
Main Authors: Cross, Emma L., Murray, Christopher S., Baumann, Hannes
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/158/2165
631/158/857
704/106/829/826
704/158/2165
704/829/826
Acidification
Adaptability
Anthropogenic factors
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Climate change
Coastal ecosystems
Dissolved oxygen
Embryos
Fluctuations
Growth rate
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hypoxia
Larval development
Marine organisms
multidisciplinary
Physiology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Survival
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Summary:Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in p CO 2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these p CO 2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural p CO 2  × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling p CO 2  × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia . Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated p CO 2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L −1 ). Cycling p CO 2  × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in p CO 2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53930-8