Protective effects of fermented rice extract on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate in mice

• Published in: Food science & nutrition 2020-03, Vol.8 (3), p.1718-1728
• Main Authors: Oh, Won‐Seok, Jung, Jae‐Chul, Choi, Yong‐Min, Mun, Ju‐Young, Ku, Sae‐Kwang, Song, Chang‐Hyun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; antioxidant; Antioxidants; anti‐inflammation; Body weight; Body weight loss; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran; Diarrhea; Disease; Distilled water; Drinking water; Dysbacteriosis; Fermentation; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gene expression; Immune response; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Interleukins; intestinal barrier; Intestine; Laboratory animals; Lactobacilli; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Metastases; Microbiota; Mucin; Mucosa; Oral administration; Original Research; Pathogenesis; Peroxidation; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Rice; Sodium sulfate; Sulfasalazine; Sulfates; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Ulcerative colitis; Weight loss; Weight reduction
• ISSN: 2048-7177; 2048-7177
• DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1460

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by the gut mucosal ulceration. Growing evidence indicates that dysregulation of immune response to the commensal microbiota involves the pathogenesis of IBD. Previous studies have demonstrated the favorable probiotic effects of fermented rice extracts through triple fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Weissella cibaria (FRe). Thus, the therapeutic potential of FRe for UC was examined. Dextran sodium sulfate UC mice model was orally administered distilled water as a control, sulfasalazine, or FRe at 300, 200, and 100 mg/kg, once a day for a week. The UC control exhibited body weight loss, bloody stools, and colonic shortening. However, the FRe, especially at 300 mg/kg, led to a reduction in weight loss, disease activity index scores, and colon weight, and an increase in colorectal length. The histopathological analyses revealed mild changes involved in the colonic crypt and mucosal damages in the FRe groups, along with inhibited inflammation. Indeed, the FRe reduced neutrophil infiltration and production of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6/‐8). This was accompanied by the down‐regulation of nuclear factor‐kappa B. The gene expression responsible for the intestinal barrier integrity (i.e., Zonna occludens‐1/‐2, Claudin‐1, Occludin, Mucin‐1/‐2) was up‐regulated in the FRe groups. In addition, the FRe reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant activity. Interestingly, the microbiota dysbiosis was attenuated in the FRe groups, and the number of beneficial bacteria, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, was increased. It suggests that the FRe potently ameliorate UC as a functional food. Oral treat of FRe ameliorated the UC symptoms by (a) improved dysbiosis as prebiotics, (b) NF‐κB‐mediated anti‐inflammation, (c) enhanced antioxidant activity, (d) restored mucus layer and the tight junction, (e) reduced immunity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell, and (f) increased serum IgG but decreased IgA.