A new factor influencing pathogen detection by molecular assay in children with both mild and severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

Abstract This study aimed to find novel information concerning pathogen detection and some probable coinfection factors in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In this study, 1104 clinically diagnosed HFMD patients were included. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), and 14 different re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 2013-06, Vol.76 (2), p.162-167
Main Authors: Zhu, Dong, Zhao, Xiu-Ying, Yao, Yao, Dai, Fang-Fang, He, Han, Li, Run-Qing, Jin, Rong-Hua, Liang, Lian-Chun, Li, Ning
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Child, Preschool
China
Coinfection - diagnosis
Cytokine detection
Cytokines - blood
Enterovirus
Enterovirus A, Human - classification
Enterovirus A, Human - isolation & purification
Female
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - diagnosis
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - pathology
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - virology
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Humans
Immune activation
Immunoglobulin M - blood
Infant
Infectious Disease
Internal Medicine
Male
Respiratory pathogen
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
RNA, Viral - isolation & purification
Virology
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Summary:Abstract This study aimed to find novel information concerning pathogen detection and some probable coinfection factors in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In this study, 1104 clinically diagnosed HFMD patients were included. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), and 14 different respiratory pathogens were examined from nasopharyngeal swabs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). To evaluate the immune activation in HFMD patients, 8 cytokines and IgM antibodies to EV71 and CA16 from mild and severe patients were detected. Our results indicated that the severity of HFMD may affect the pathogen detection. The lower positive rates of enterovirus and respiratory viruses in severe HFMD cases by RT-PCR were probably related to stronger immune response. Therefore, immunological tests such as ELISA are essential supplements to PCR or RT-PCR in order to increase pathogen diagnosis in HFMD, especially in severe cases.
ISSN:0732-8893
1879-0070
DOI:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.02.011