Autologous chondrocyte implantation for full thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee

• Published in: Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2010-10, Vol.2010 (10), p.CD003323-CD003323
• Main Authors: Vasiliadis, Haris S, Wasiak, Jason
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cartilage, Articular - surgery; Chondrocytes - transplantation; Humans; Knee Injuries - surgery; Orthopaedics & trauma; Orthopedic Procedures - methods; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Soft‐tissue injuries of the appendicular skeleton (also see headings for specific tissues and locations); Transplantation, Autologous
• ISSN: 1469-493X
• DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003323.pub3

Treatments for managing articular cartilage defects of the knee, including drilling and abrasion arthroplasty, are not always effective. When they are, long-term benefits may not be maintained and osteoarthritis may develop. An alternative is autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), the surgical implantation of healthy cartilage cells into the damaged areas. To determine the efficacy and safety of ACI in people with full thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee. We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (3 December 2008), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1950 to November Week 3 2008), EMBASE (1980 to Week 48 2008), SPORTDiscus (3 December 2008), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (4 December 2008), and Current Controlled Trials (3 December 2008). Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing ACI with any other type of treatment (including no treatment or placebo) for symptomatic cartilage defects of the medial or lateral femoral condyle, femoral trochlea or patella. Review authors selected studies for inclusion independently. We assessed risk of bias based on adequacy of the randomisation and allocation concealment process, potential for selection bias after allocation and level of masking. We did not pool data due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Six heterogeneous trials were identified with 431 participants. Methodological flaws of the included trials included incomplete follow-up and inadequate reporting of outcomes. Three trials compared ACI versus mosaicplasty. One reported statistically significant results in favour of ACI at one year in the numbers of people with 'good' or 'excellent' functional results. Conversely, another trial found significant improvement for the mosaicplasty group when assessed using one functional scoring system at two years, but no statistically significant differences based on two other scoring systems. A third trial found no difference between ACI and mosaicplasty, 10 months on average after the surgery.There was no statistically significant difference in functional outcomes at two years in single trials comparing ACI with microfracture or characterised chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture. The results of the sixth trial comparing matrix-guided ACI versus microfracture were undermined by the severe loss to follow-up. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusio