REDD1 loss reprograms lipid metabolism to drive progression of RAS mutant tumors

• Published in: Genes & development 2020-06, Vol.34 (11-12), p.751-766
• Main Authors: Qiao, Shuxi, Koh, Siang-Boon, Vivekanandan, Varunika, Salunke, Devika, Patra, Krushna Chandra, Zaganjor, Elma, Ross, Kenneth, Mizukami, Yusuke, Jeanfavre, Sarah, Chen, Athena, Mino-Kenudson, Mari, Ramaswamy, Sridhar, Clish, Clary, Haigis, Marcia, Bardeesy, Nabeel, Ellisen, Leif W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Progression; Fatty Acids - metabolism; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Lipid Metabolism - genetics; Mice; Mice, SCID; Mutation; Oxidation-Reduction; ras Proteins - genetics; Research Paper; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism
• ISSN: 0890-9369; 1549-5477
• DOI: 10.1101/gad.335166.119

Human cancers with activating mutations are typically highly aggressive and treatment-refractory, yet mutation itself is insufficient for tumorigenesis, due in part to profound metabolic stress induced by RAS activation. Here we show that loss of REDD1, a stress-induced metabolic regulator, is sufficient to reprogram lipid metabolism and drive progression of mutant cancers. deletion in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of KRAS-dependent pancreatic and lung adenocarcinomas converts preneoplastic lesions into invasive and metastatic carcinomas. Metabolic profiling reveals that REDD1-deficient/ mutant cells exhibit enhanced uptake of lysophospholipids and lipid storage, coupled to augmented fatty acid oxidation that sustains both ATP levels and ROS-detoxifying NADPH. Mechanistically, REDD1 loss triggers HIF-dependent activation of a lipid storage pathway involving PPARγ and the prometastatic factor CD36. Correspondingly, decreased REDD1 expression and a signature of REDD1 loss predict poor outcomes selectively in mutant but not wild-type human lung and pancreas carcinomas. Collectively, our findings reveal the REDD1-mediated stress response as a novel tumor suppressor whose loss defines a mutant tumor subset characterized by reprogramming of lipid metabolism, invasive and metastatic progression, and poor prognosis. This work thus provides new mechanistic and clinically relevant insights into the phenotypic heterogeneity and metabolic rewiring that underlies these common cancers.