Refinement of Copper(II) Azide with 1‐Alkyl‐5H‐tetrazoles: Adaptable Energetic Complexes

A concept for stabilizing highly sensitive and explosive copper(II) azide with 1‐N‐substituted tetrazoles is described. It was possible to stabilize the system by the use of highly endothermic, nitrogen‐rich ligands. The sensitivities of the resulting energetic copper coordination compounds can be t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020-07, Vol.59 (30), p.12367-12370
Main Authors: Wurzenberger, Maximilian H. H., Lommel, Marcus, Gruhne, Michael S., Szimhardt, Norbert, Stierstorfer, Jörg
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Additives
azides
Chemical analysis
Chemical properties
Communication
Communications
Coordination compounds
Copper
copper complexes
Copper compounds
Differential thermal analysis
Electrostatic discharges
Impact analysis
Infrared spectroscopy
Lead
Ligands
Nitrogen
nitrogen heterocycles
phlegmatization
Scanning electron microscopy
Sensitivity analysis
Tetrazoles
Thermal analysis
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:A concept for stabilizing highly sensitive and explosive copper(II) azide with 1‐N‐substituted tetrazoles is described. It was possible to stabilize the system by the use of highly endothermic, nitrogen‐rich ligands. The sensitivities of the resulting energetic copper coordination compounds can be tuned further by variation of the alkyl chain of the ligands and by phlegmatization of the complexes with classical additives during the synthesis. It is demonstrated, using the compound based on 1‐methyl‐5H‐tetrazole ([Cu(N3)2(MTZ)], 1) that this class of complexes can be applied as a potential replacement for both lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS). The complex was extensively investigated according to its chemical (elemental analysis, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and physico‐chemical properties (differential thermal analysis, sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge) compared to pure copper(II) azide. Tuning the boom: Volatile copper(II) azide is stabilized by the addition of both tetrazole ligands and phlegmatizing agents. The resulting complexes can be tuned in terms of their sensitivity and serve to replace lead azide as well as lead styphnate, thus reducing the release of toxic lead into the environment.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.202002823