Sociodemographic Determinants of Occupational Risks of Exposure to COVID‐19 in Canada

• Published in: The Canadian review of sociology 2020-08, Vol.57 (3), p.399-452
• Main Author: St‐Denis, Xavier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Betacoronavirus; Body build; Canada; Canadians; Communicable diseases; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Disease; Ethnicity; Female; Gender differences; Human exposure; Humans; Immigrants; Infection; Infections; Infectious diseases; Labor force; Labor market; Least-Squares Analysis; Low income groups; Male; Men; Middle Aged; Minority Groups; Occupational exposure; Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data; Occupational hazards; Occupational health; Occupations; Older people; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Proximity; Representativeness; Research Note; Research Notes; Risk; SARS-CoV-2; Sex Factors; Social stratification; Sociodemographics; Socioeconomic Factors; Vulnerability; Women; Work groups; Workers; Working women; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1755-6171; 1755-618X
• DOI: 10.1111/cars.12288

The activities performed by Canadian workers in some occupations may increase the risk of exposure to infectious diseases such as COVID‐19. This research note explores how occupational exposure risks vary by labor force characteristics using publicly available Canadian data in combination with a data set providing information on the level of physical proximity and frequency of exposure to infections or diseases faced by workers in different occupations. The results show important sociodemographic differences. First, women work in occupations associated with significantly higher average risks of exposure to COVID‐19 than men. This is driven by their overrepresentation in high‐risk broad occupational categories such as health occupations. Second, older workers (65 years or more), a group vulnerable to COVID‐19, appear to work in occupations requiring performing activities characterized by a lower level of physical proximity than their younger colleagues, with minimal differences in the frequency of exposure to diseases or infections. Finally, workers in low‐income occupations are employed in occupations that put them at greater risk of exposure to COVID‐19 than other workers. This is especially the case for women, immigrants, and members of visible minority groups in low‐income occupations. More broadly, this research note provides insights into the health‐related dimension of the literature on occupational tasks and labor market stratification. Résumé Les tâches effectuées par les travailleurs canadiens dans certaines professions peuvent augmenter le risque d'exposition à des maladies infectieuses tel que la COVID‐19. Cette note de recherche explore la variation dans les risques d'exposition à la COVID‐19 selon les caractéristiques des travailleurs en se basant sur des données publiques canadiennes combinées à une base de données fournissant de l'information sur le niveau de proximité physique et la fréquence d'exposition à des infections ou maladie auxquels font face les personnes occupant différentes professions. Les résultats démontrent d'importantes différences entre catégories sociodémographiques. Premièrement, les femmes travaillent dans des professions associées à des niveaux moyens de risques d'exposition à la COVID‐19 significativement plus élevés que les hommes, qui s'explique en partie par leur surreprésentation dans des grandes catégories professionnelles à haut niveau de risque tel que les professions du secteur de la santé. Deuxièmement, les t