Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

• Published in: Journal of clinical and translational hepatology 2020-06, Vol.8 (2), p.161-167
• Main Authors: Villavicencio Kim, Jaimy, Wu, George Y.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Review
• ISSN: 2225-0719; 2310-8819
• DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2020.00005

In addition to liver injury, elevation of aminotransferases can be caused by strenuous exercise and use of muscle-building and weight-loss supplements. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various mechanisms of elevation of aminotrans-ferases related to body building. A literature review was performed on clinical trials and case reports involving exer-cise or supplement use and their effects on aminotrans-ferases. Normal aminotransferase levels varied according to gender, age, body mass index, and comorbidities. Strenuous exercise and weight lifting, especially in the unaccustomed, can cause elevated aminotransferases in the absence of liver damage. Supplements such as anabolic steroids, ephedra, and LipoKinetix, amongst others, have also been associated with aminotransferase elevations. The pattern of elevation of aminotransferases is not helpful in distinguishing liver from muscle injury. Other associated muscle enzymes can be useful in making that distinction. To prevent aminotransfer-ase elevations, subjects not accustomed to moderate-high intensity workouts, are recommended to undertake gradual increase in intensity. When causes of liver injury have been ruled out, investigation into bodybuilding, extreme exercise, and supplement use is warranted.