Plasma From Recovered COVID-19 Patients Inhibits Spike Protein Binding to ACE2 in a Microsphere-Based Inhibition Assay

Abstract We present a microsphere-based flow cytometry assay that quantifies the ability of plasma to inhibit the binding of spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Plasma from 22 patients who had recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and expressed anti–spike protein trim...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2020-12, Vol.222 (12), p.1965-1973
Main Authors: Gniffke, Edward P, Harrington, Whitney E, Dambrauskas, Nicholas, Jiang, Yonghou, Trakhimets, Olesya, Vigdorovich, Vladimir, Frenkel, Lisa, Sather, D Noah, Smith, Stephen E P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ACE2
Adult
Aged
Angiotensin
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - metabolism
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Antibody response
Binding Sites
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
Enzymes
Female
Fever
Flow cytometry
HEK293 Cells
Humans
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulins
Major and Brief Reports
Male
Microspheres
Middle Aged
Peptidyl-dipeptidase A
Plasma - immunology
Protein Binding
Proteins
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Serologic Tests - methods
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Spike protein
Trimers
Young Adult
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Summary:Abstract We present a microsphere-based flow cytometry assay that quantifies the ability of plasma to inhibit the binding of spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Plasma from 22 patients who had recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and expressed anti–spike protein trimer immunoglobulin G inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme 2–spike protein binding to a greater degree than controls. The degree of inhibition was correlated with anti–spike protein immunoglobulin G levels, neutralizing titers in a pseudotyped lentiviral assay, and the presence of fever during illness. This inhibition assay may be broadly useful to quantify the functional antibody response of patients recovered from COVID-19 or vaccine recipients in a cell-free assay system. Using a rapid, microsphere-based assay, the authors quantified the ability of coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent plasma to inhibit binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein to its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, demonstrating inhibition in >90% of recovered patients.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiaa508