The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells for discriminating neurodevelopmental disorders

Studying human disease‐specific processes and mechanisms in vitro is limited by a lack of valid human test systems. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) evolve as an important and promising tool to better understand the molecular pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Patient‐derived iPSCs ena...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cells translational medicine 2021-01, Vol.10 (1), p.50-56
Main Authors: Stock, Ricarda, Jeckel, Pauline, Kraushaar, Udo, Wüst, Richard, Fallgatter, Andreas, Volkmer, Hansjürgen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autism
Behavior
calcium imaging
Cell adhesion & migration
Concise Review
Concise Reviews
Datasets
Disease
Drug development
electrophysiology
Genes
Genomes
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
iPSC
Kinases
Ligands
Medical imaging
Mental disorders
Mutation
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Patients
Pluripotency
Schizophrenia
Social research
Stem cells
Test systems
transcriptome
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Summary:Studying human disease‐specific processes and mechanisms in vitro is limited by a lack of valid human test systems. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) evolve as an important and promising tool to better understand the molecular pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Patient‐derived iPSCs enable analysis of unique disease mechanisms and may also serve for preclinical drug development. Here, we review the current knowledge on iPSC models for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders with emphasis on the discrimination between them. It appears that transcriptomic analyses and functional read‐outs are the most promising approaches to uncover specific disease mechanisms in vitro. Somatic cells from thoroughly diagnosed patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders can be reprogrammed into disease‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells to study neurodevelopmental pathologies. Differentiated cells can be used for drug development and high‐throughput screening within a variety of robust and reproducible assays.
ISSN:2157-6564
2157-6580
DOI:10.1002/sctm.20-0206