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Proteinuria in COVID-19: prevalence, characterization and prognostic role
Background Proteinuria has been commonly reported in patients with COVID-19. However, only dipstick tests have been frequently used thus far. Here, the quantification and characterization of proteinuria were investigated and their association with mortality was assessed. Methods This retrospective,...
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| Published in: | Journal of nephrology 2021-04, Vol.34 (2), p.355-364 |
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| container_title | Journal of nephrology |
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| creator | Huart, Justine Bouquegneau, Antoine Lutteri, Laurence Erpicum, Pauline Grosch, Stéphanie Résimont, Guillaume Wiesen, Patricia Bovy, Christophe Krzesinski, Jean-Marie Thys, Marie Lambermont, Bernard Misset, Benoît Pottel, Hans Mariat, Christophe Cavalier, Etienne Burtey, Stéphane Jouret, François Delanaye, Pierre |
| description | Background
Proteinuria has been commonly reported in patients with COVID-19. However, only dipstick tests have been frequently used thus far. Here, the quantification and characterization of proteinuria were investigated and their association with mortality was assessed.
Methods
This retrospective, observational, single center study included 153 patients, hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 28th and April 30th, 2020, in whom total proteinuria and urinary α
1
-microglobulin (a marker of tubular injury) were measured. Association with mortality was evaluated, with a follow-up until May 7th, 2020.
Results
According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes staging, 14% (n = 21) of the patients had category 1 proteinuria ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40620-020-00931-w |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7823174</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2480347543</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c590t-66677376ee9dedc13824b354fccaa2f910f38ff69b733800f8896c383db1fd973</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtv1DAUhSMEoqXwB1igLEEi4Ff8YIFUDY-ONFJZANsrx3EyrjL2YCdTtb8epymldMHC8pXvOZ-vfYriJUbvMELifWKIE1SheSFFcXX5qDjGgrCKo1o9zjUmuJKMyKPiWUoXCJG6JuxpcUQpk4wRflysv8UwWuen6HTpfLk6_7n-VGH1odxHe9CD9ca-Lc1WR21GG921Hl3wpfZtFoTehzQ6U8Yw2OfFk04Pyb643U-KH18-f1-dVZvzr-vV6aYytUJjxTkXggpurWptazCVhDW0Zp0xWpNOYdRR2XVcNYJSiVAnpeKGSto2uGuVoCfFx4W7n5pdJlg_Rj3APrqdjlcQtIN_O95toQ8HEJJQLFgG0AUwONtbCLFxcCA3xpt6GnrQBhoLhHAJpM6D8Ox6s7i2Dy47O93AfIYoJUoIfMBZ-_p2xBh-TTaNsHPJ2GHQ3oYpAWESUSZqRrOULFITQ0rRdndsjGBOGZaUAc1rThkus-nV_S-4s_yJ9e8TU2753ka4CFP0OZb_YX8D4J6yLQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2480347543</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Proteinuria in COVID-19: prevalence, characterization and prognostic role</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Huart, Justine ; Bouquegneau, Antoine ; Lutteri, Laurence ; Erpicum, Pauline ; Grosch, Stéphanie ; Résimont, Guillaume ; Wiesen, Patricia ; Bovy, Christophe ; Krzesinski, Jean-Marie ; Thys, Marie ; Lambermont, Bernard ; Misset, Benoît ; Pottel, Hans ; Mariat, Christophe ; Cavalier, Etienne ; Burtey, Stéphane ; Jouret, François ; Delanaye, Pierre</creator><creatorcontrib>Huart, Justine ; Bouquegneau, Antoine ; Lutteri, Laurence ; Erpicum, Pauline ; Grosch, Stéphanie ; Résimont, Guillaume ; Wiesen, Patricia ; Bovy, Christophe ; Krzesinski, Jean-Marie ; Thys, Marie ; Lambermont, Bernard ; Misset, Benoît ; Pottel, Hans ; Mariat, Christophe ; Cavalier, Etienne ; Burtey, Stéphane ; Jouret, François ; Delanaye, Pierre</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Proteinuria has been commonly reported in patients with COVID-19. However, only dipstick tests have been frequently used thus far. Here, the quantification and characterization of proteinuria were investigated and their association with mortality was assessed.
Methods
This retrospective, observational, single center study included 153 patients, hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 28th and April 30th, 2020, in whom total proteinuria and urinary α
1
-microglobulin (a marker of tubular injury) were measured. Association with mortality was evaluated, with a follow-up until May 7th, 2020.
Results
According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes staging, 14% (n = 21) of the patients had category 1 proteinuria (< 150 mg/g of urine creatinine), 42% (n = 64) had category 2 (between 150 and 500 mg/g) and 44% (n = 68) had category 3 proteinuria (over 500 mg/g). Urine α
1
-microglobulin concentration was higher than 15 mg/g in 89% of patients. After a median follow-up of 27 [14;30] days, the mortality rate reached 18%. Total proteinuria and urinary α
1
-microglobulin were associated with mortality in unadjusted and adjusted models. This association was stronger in subgroups of patients with normal renal function and without a urinary catheter.
Conclusions
Proteinuria is frequent in patients with COVID-19. Its characterization suggests a tubular origin, with increased urinary α
1
-microglobulin. Tubular proteinuria was associated with mortality in COVID-19 in our restropective, observational study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1121-8428</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1724-6059</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1724-6059</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00931-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33484426</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; alpha1-microglobulin ; Anesthesia & intensive care ; Anesthésie & soins intensifs ; Belgium - epidemiology ; Biomarkers - urine ; Business & economic sciences ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - complications ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - urine ; Female ; Gestion des systèmes d’information ; Human health and pathology ; Human health sciences ; Humans ; Laboratory medicine & medical technology ; Life Sciences ; Male ; Management information systems ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Médecine de laboratoire & technologie médicale ; Nephrology ; Original ; Original Article ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Proteinuria - epidemiology ; Proteinuria - etiology ; Proteinuria - urine ; Public health, health care sciences & services ; Retrospective Studies ; Santé publique, services médicaux & soins de santé ; Sciences de la santé humaine ; Sciences économiques & de gestion ; Survival Rate - trends ; Tutubar protéinuria ; Urologie & néphrologie ; Urology ; Urology & nephrology ; Urology and Nephrology]]></subject><ispartof>Journal of nephrology, 2021-04, Vol.34 (2), p.355-364</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>Attribution</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c590t-66677376ee9dedc13824b354fccaa2f910f38ff69b733800f8896c383db1fd973</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c590t-66677376ee9dedc13824b354fccaa2f910f38ff69b733800f8896c383db1fd973</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1480-5761 ; 0000-0003-2547-6593 ; 0000-0003-0074-8919 ; 0000-0002-7077-6731 ; 0000-0003-1813-7884</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,778,782,883,27907,27908</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33484426$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03329771$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huart, Justine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouquegneau, Antoine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lutteri, Laurence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erpicum, Pauline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grosch, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Résimont, Guillaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiesen, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovy, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krzesinski, Jean-Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thys, Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambermont, Bernard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Misset, Benoît</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pottel, Hans</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariat, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavalier, Etienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burtey, Stéphane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jouret, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delanaye, Pierre</creatorcontrib><title>Proteinuria in COVID-19: prevalence, characterization and prognostic role</title><title>Journal of nephrology</title><addtitle>J Nephrol</addtitle><addtitle>J Nephrol</addtitle><description>Background
Proteinuria has been commonly reported in patients with COVID-19. However, only dipstick tests have been frequently used thus far. Here, the quantification and characterization of proteinuria were investigated and their association with mortality was assessed.
Methods
This retrospective, observational, single center study included 153 patients, hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 28th and April 30th, 2020, in whom total proteinuria and urinary α
1
-microglobulin (a marker of tubular injury) were measured. Association with mortality was evaluated, with a follow-up until May 7th, 2020.
Results
According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes staging, 14% (n = 21) of the patients had category 1 proteinuria (< 150 mg/g of urine creatinine), 42% (n = 64) had category 2 (between 150 and 500 mg/g) and 44% (n = 68) had category 3 proteinuria (over 500 mg/g). Urine α
1
-microglobulin concentration was higher than 15 mg/g in 89% of patients. After a median follow-up of 27 [14;30] days, the mortality rate reached 18%. Total proteinuria and urinary α
1
-microglobulin were associated with mortality in unadjusted and adjusted models. This association was stronger in subgroups of patients with normal renal function and without a urinary catheter.
Conclusions
Proteinuria is frequent in patients with COVID-19. Its characterization suggests a tubular origin, with increased urinary α
1
-microglobulin. Tubular proteinuria was associated with mortality in COVID-19 in our restropective, observational study.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>alpha1-microglobulin</subject><subject>Anesthesia & intensive care</subject><subject>Anesthésie & soins intensifs</subject><subject>Belgium - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biomarkers - urine</subject><subject>Business & economic sciences</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - complications</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - urine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gestion des systèmes d’information</subject><subject>Human health and pathology</subject><subject>Human health sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratory medicine & medical technology</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Management information systems</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Médecine de laboratoire & technologie médicale</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Proteinuria</subject><subject>Proteinuria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Proteinuria - etiology</subject><subject>Proteinuria - urine</subject><subject>Public health, health care sciences & services</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Santé publique, services médicaux & soins de santé</subject><subject>Sciences de la santé humaine</subject><subject>Sciences économiques & de gestion</subject><subject>Survival Rate - trends</subject><subject>Tutubar protéinuria</subject><subject>Urologie & néphrologie</subject><subject>Urology</subject><subject>Urology & nephrology</subject><subject>Urology and Nephrology</subject><issn>1121-8428</issn><issn>1724-6059</issn><issn>1724-6059</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kUtv1DAUhSMEoqXwB1igLEEi4Ff8YIFUDY-ONFJZANsrx3EyrjL2YCdTtb8epymldMHC8pXvOZ-vfYriJUbvMELifWKIE1SheSFFcXX5qDjGgrCKo1o9zjUmuJKMyKPiWUoXCJG6JuxpcUQpk4wRflysv8UwWuen6HTpfLk6_7n-VGH1odxHe9CD9ca-Lc1WR21GG921Hl3wpfZtFoTehzQ6U8Yw2OfFk04Pyb643U-KH18-f1-dVZvzr-vV6aYytUJjxTkXggpurWptazCVhDW0Zp0xWpNOYdRR2XVcNYJSiVAnpeKGSto2uGuVoCfFx4W7n5pdJlg_Rj3APrqdjlcQtIN_O95toQ8HEJJQLFgG0AUwONtbCLFxcCA3xpt6GnrQBhoLhHAJpM6D8Ox6s7i2Dy47O93AfIYoJUoIfMBZ-_p2xBh-TTaNsHPJ2GHQ3oYpAWESUSZqRrOULFITQ0rRdndsjGBOGZaUAc1rThkus-nV_S-4s_yJ9e8TU2753ka4CFP0OZb_YX8D4J6yLQ</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Huart, Justine</creator><creator>Bouquegneau, Antoine</creator><creator>Lutteri, Laurence</creator><creator>Erpicum, Pauline</creator><creator>Grosch, Stéphanie</creator><creator>Résimont, Guillaume</creator><creator>Wiesen, Patricia</creator><creator>Bovy, Christophe</creator><creator>Krzesinski, Jean-Marie</creator><creator>Thys, Marie</creator><creator>Lambermont, Bernard</creator><creator>Misset, Benoît</creator><creator>Pottel, Hans</creator><creator>Mariat, Christophe</creator><creator>Cavalier, Etienne</creator><creator>Burtey, Stéphane</creator><creator>Jouret, François</creator><creator>Delanaye, Pierre</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Italian Society of Nephrology/Springer</general><general>Wichtig Publishing</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><scope>Q33</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1480-5761</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-6593</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-8919</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-6731</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-7884</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Proteinuria in COVID-19: prevalence, characterization and prognostic role</title><author>Huart, Justine ; Bouquegneau, Antoine ; Lutteri, Laurence ; Erpicum, Pauline ; Grosch, Stéphanie ; Résimont, Guillaume ; Wiesen, Patricia ; Bovy, Christophe ; Krzesinski, Jean-Marie ; Thys, Marie ; Lambermont, Bernard ; Misset, Benoît ; Pottel, Hans ; Mariat, Christophe ; Cavalier, Etienne ; Burtey, Stéphane ; Jouret, François ; Delanaye, Pierre</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c590t-66677376ee9dedc13824b354fccaa2f910f38ff69b733800f8896c383db1fd973</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>alpha1-microglobulin</topic><topic>Anesthesia & intensive care</topic><topic>Anesthésie & soins intensifs</topic><topic>Belgium - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biomarkers - urine</topic><topic>Business & economic sciences</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - complications</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - urine</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gestion des systèmes d’information</topic><topic>Human health and pathology</topic><topic>Human health sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratory medicine & medical technology</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Management information systems</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Médecine de laboratoire & technologie médicale</topic><topic>Nephrology</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Proteinuria</topic><topic>Proteinuria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Proteinuria - etiology</topic><topic>Proteinuria - urine</topic><topic>Public health, health care sciences & services</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Santé publique, services médicaux & soins de santé</topic><topic>Sciences de la santé humaine</topic><topic>Sciences économiques & de gestion</topic><topic>Survival Rate - trends</topic><topic>Tutubar protéinuria</topic><topic>Urologie & néphrologie</topic><topic>Urology</topic><topic>Urology & nephrology</topic><topic>Urology and Nephrology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huart, Justine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouquegneau, Antoine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lutteri, Laurence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erpicum, Pauline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grosch, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Résimont, Guillaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiesen, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovy, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krzesinski, Jean-Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thys, Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambermont, Bernard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Misset, Benoît</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pottel, Hans</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariat, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavalier, Etienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burtey, Stéphane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jouret, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delanaye, Pierre</creatorcontrib><collection>SpringerOpen</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><collection>Université de Liège - Open Repository and Bibliography (ORBI)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of nephrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huart, Justine</au><au>Bouquegneau, Antoine</au><au>Lutteri, Laurence</au><au>Erpicum, Pauline</au><au>Grosch, Stéphanie</au><au>Résimont, Guillaume</au><au>Wiesen, Patricia</au><au>Bovy, Christophe</au><au>Krzesinski, Jean-Marie</au><au>Thys, Marie</au><au>Lambermont, Bernard</au><au>Misset, Benoît</au><au>Pottel, Hans</au><au>Mariat, Christophe</au><au>Cavalier, Etienne</au><au>Burtey, Stéphane</au><au>Jouret, François</au><au>Delanaye, Pierre</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Proteinuria in COVID-19: prevalence, characterization and prognostic role</atitle><jtitle>Journal of nephrology</jtitle><stitle>J Nephrol</stitle><addtitle>J Nephrol</addtitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>355</spage><epage>364</epage><pages>355-364</pages><issn>1121-8428</issn><issn>1724-6059</issn><eissn>1724-6059</eissn><abstract>Background
Proteinuria has been commonly reported in patients with COVID-19. However, only dipstick tests have been frequently used thus far. Here, the quantification and characterization of proteinuria were investigated and their association with mortality was assessed.
Methods
This retrospective, observational, single center study included 153 patients, hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 28th and April 30th, 2020, in whom total proteinuria and urinary α
1
-microglobulin (a marker of tubular injury) were measured. Association with mortality was evaluated, with a follow-up until May 7th, 2020.
Results
According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes staging, 14% (n = 21) of the patients had category 1 proteinuria (< 150 mg/g of urine creatinine), 42% (n = 64) had category 2 (between 150 and 500 mg/g) and 44% (n = 68) had category 3 proteinuria (over 500 mg/g). Urine α
1
-microglobulin concentration was higher than 15 mg/g in 89% of patients. After a median follow-up of 27 [14;30] days, the mortality rate reached 18%. Total proteinuria and urinary α
1
-microglobulin were associated with mortality in unadjusted and adjusted models. This association was stronger in subgroups of patients with normal renal function and without a urinary catheter.
Conclusions
Proteinuria is frequent in patients with COVID-19. Its characterization suggests a tubular origin, with increased urinary α
1
-microglobulin. Tubular proteinuria was associated with mortality in COVID-19 in our restropective, observational study.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>33484426</pmid><doi>10.1007/s40620-020-00931-w</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1480-5761</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-6593</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-8919</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-6731</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-7884</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1121-8428 |
| ispartof | Journal of nephrology, 2021-04, Vol.34 (2), p.355-364 |
| issn | 1121-8428 1724-6059 1724-6059 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7823174 |
| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over alpha1-microglobulin Anesthesia & intensive care Anesthésie & soins intensifs Belgium - epidemiology Biomarkers - urine Business & economic sciences COVID-19 COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - urine Female Gestion des systèmes d’information Human health and pathology Human health sciences Humans Laboratory medicine & medical technology Life Sciences Male Management information systems Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Médecine de laboratoire & technologie médicale Nephrology Original Original Article Prevalence Prognosis Proteinuria Proteinuria - epidemiology Proteinuria - etiology Proteinuria - urine Public health, health care sciences & services Retrospective Studies Santé publique, services médicaux & soins de santé Sciences de la santé humaine Sciences économiques & de gestion Survival Rate - trends Tutubar protéinuria Urologie & néphrologie Urology Urology & nephrology Urology and Nephrology |
| title | Proteinuria in COVID-19: prevalence, characterization and prognostic role |
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