Loss of Fis1 impairs proteostasis during skeletal muscle aging in Drosophila

• Published in: Aging cell 2021-06, Vol.20 (6), p.e13379-n/a
• Main Authors: Lee, Tai‐Ting, Chen, Po‐Lin, Su, Matthew P., Li, Jian‐Chiuan, Chang, Yi‐Wen, Liu, Rei‐Wen, Juan, Hsueh‐Fen, Yang, Jinn‐Moon, Chan, Shih‐Peng, Tsai, Yu‐Chen, Stockum, Sophia, Ziviani, Elena, Kamikouchi, Azusa, Wang, Horng‐Dar, Chen, Chun‐Hong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphate; Age; Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Amino acids; Animals; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila melanogaster - genetics; Ectopic expression; Fis1; Insects; Isoforms; Life span; Mammals; Membrane proteins; Membrane Proteins - metabolism; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Mutants; Original; Original Paper; Oxidative stress; Phenotypes; Polyclonal antibodies; Proteins; Proteostasis - genetics; Reactive oxygen species; Skeletal muscle; Transposon Minos; Transposons
• ISSN: 1474-9718; 1474-9726
• DOI: 10.1111/acel.13379

Increased levels of dysfunctional mitochondria within skeletal muscle are correlated with numerous age‐related physiopathological conditions. Improving our understanding of the links between mitochondrial function and muscle proteostasis, and the role played by individual genes and regulatory networks, is essential to develop treatments for these conditions. One potential player is the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Fis1, a crucial fission factor heavily involved in mitochondrial dynamics in yeast but with an unknown role in higher‐order organisms. By using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, we explored the effect of Fis1 mutations generated by transposon Minos‐mediated integration. Mutants exhibited a higher ratio of damaged mitochondria with age as well as elevated reactive oxygen species levels compared with controls. This caused an increase in oxidative stress, resulting in large accumulations of ubiquitinated proteins, accelerated muscle function decline, and mitochondrial myopathies in young mutant flies. Ectopic expression of Fis1 isoforms was sufficient to suppress this phenotype. Loss of Fis1 led to unbalanced mitochondrial proteostasis within fly muscle, decreasing both flight capabilities and lifespan. Fis1 thus clearly plays a role in fly mitochondrial dynamics. Further investigations into the detailed function of Fis1 are necessary for exploring how mitochondrial function correlates with muscle health during aging. Ubiquitinated proteins and autophagic proteins accumulate within Drosophila melanogaster muscle fibers as they age. Here we generated Drosophila mutants for the gene Fis1, which influences mitochondrial dynamics, and observed similar phenotypes in these transgenic lines. The unbalanced proteostasis resulting from Fis1 mutation led to muscle fiber degeneration and reduced health spans. Fis1‐related mitochondrial quality control is an important factor in determining Drosophila muscle, and thus overall, health.