The impact of trophic and immunomodulatory factors on oligodendrocyte maturation: Potential treatments for encephalopathy of prematurity

Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, causing neurodevelopmental adversities that can lead to lifelong impairments. Preterm birth‐related insults, such as cerebral oxygen fluctuations and perinatal inflammation, are believed to negatively impact brain...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Glia 2021-06, Vol.69 (6), p.1311-1340
Main Authors: Vaes, Josine E. G., Brandt, Myrna J. V., Wanders, Nikki, Benders, Manon J. N. L., Theije, Caroline G. M., Gressens, Pierre, Nijboer, Cora H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Brain
Brain Injuries
Brain injury
Cytokines
Encephalopathy
Female
Head injuries
Humans
Immunomodulation
Infant, Newborn
Inflammation
Maturation
Morbidity
myelination
Neonates
neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendroglia
Pregnancy
Premature Birth
preterm brain
Review
Substantia alba
Trophic factors
White Matter
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Summary:Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, causing neurodevelopmental adversities that can lead to lifelong impairments. Preterm birth‐related insults, such as cerebral oxygen fluctuations and perinatal inflammation, are believed to negatively impact brain development, leading to a range of brain abnormalities. Diffuse white matter injury is a major hallmark of EoP and characterized by widespread hypomyelination, the result of disturbances in oligodendrocyte lineage development. At present, there are no treatment options available, despite the enormous burden of EoP on patients, their families, and society. Over the years, research in the field of neonatal brain injury and other white matter pathologies has led to the identification of several promising trophic factors and cytokines that contribute to the survival and maturation of oligodendrocytes, and/or dampening neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss the current literature on selected factors and their therapeutic potential to combat EoP, covering a wide range of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we offer a future perspective on the translatability of these factors into clinical practice. Main points Arrested OL maturation and neuroinflammation underlie WMI in preterm infants. Several trophic factors can aid OL differentiation and dampen neuroinflammation. These factors have great potential as rapidly available therapies for preterm WMI.
ISSN:0894-1491
1098-1136
DOI:10.1002/glia.23939