The role of alcohol and other drugs on emergency department traumatic injury mortality in the United States

• Published in: Drug and alcohol dependence 2021-08, Vol.225, p.108763-108763, Article 108763
• Main Authors: DiMaggio, Charles J., Avraham, Jacob B., Frangos, Spiros G., Keyes, Katherine
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Additives; Alcohol; Alcohols; Drugs; Emergency department; Emergency medical care; Emergency medical services; Emergency services; Epidemiology; Injuries; Injury; Injury prevention; Mortality; Polls & surveys; Statistical analysis; Trauma
• ISSN: 0376-8716; 1879-0046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108763

•Alcohol and substance-related emergency department visits increased during a recent 7-year study period.•Alcohol and substance abuse does not offer a protective benefit in the setting of trauma, as has previously been suggested.•Alcohol and substance abuse may increase the risk of death related to traumatic injury. Alcohol and other drugs (AOD) increase the risk of traumatic injury occurring, but data suggest a protective benefit in preventing trauma-related mortality. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of AOD-related traumatic injury in the US over a recent 7 year period and assess the interaction of traumatic injury and AOD on pre-admission fatality on both an additive scale using incidence contrasts and on a statistical multiplicative scale using survey-adjusted logistic regression. Using the National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), we describe the epidemiology of alcohol and substance-related emergency department traumatic injury over a recent period. AOD-related injury was assessed using survey-adjusted counts and means. Ratio estimates and differences were calculated using simulations based on survey-adjusted counts and standard errors. Differences in trends over time were evaluated by comparing the slopes of linear regression equations with year as the predictor variable. Alcohol and substance-related emergency department injury discharges increased 9.8 % during the study period. There was a statistically significant interaction between traumatic injury death and AOD on both an additive scale and multiplicative scale. (Odds Ratio for interaction term = 1.76, 95 % CI = 1.53, 2.03). AOD use does not provide a protective benefit in the setting of trauma, but rather is an important contributor to traumatic injury mortality.