Association of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension With Differential Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease Across Racial Groups in the Million Veteran Program

• Published in: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. 1979) Tex. 1979), 2021-08, Vol.78 (2), p.376-386
• Main Authors: Akwo, Elvis A., Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne, Chung, Cecilia P., Shah, Shailja C., Brown, Nancy J., Ikizler, T. Alp, Wilson, Otis D., Rowan, Bryce X., Shuey, Megan M., Siew, Edward D., Luther, James M., Giri, Ayush, Hellwege, Jacklyn N., Velez Edwards, Digna R., Roumie, Christianne L., Tao, Ran, Tsao, Phil S., Gaziano, J. Michael, Wilson, Peter W.F., O’Donnell, Christopher J., Edwards, Todd L., Kovesdy, Csaba P., Hung, Adriana M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use; Apolipoprotein L1 - genetics; Blood Pressure - physiology; Comorbidity; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Hypertension - drug therapy; Hypertension - epidemiology; Hypertension - genetics; Incidence; Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology; Kidney Failure, Chronic - genetics; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction - epidemiology; Myocardial Infarction - genetics; Retrospective Studies; Veterans
• ISSN: 0194-911X; 1524-4563; 1524-4563
• DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16181

Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (ATRH) has been linked to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that the effect of ATRH on ESKD is greater in Black patients than in White patients and investigated the effect of ATRH on ESKD independent of APOL1 genotype. In a retrospective cohort of 139 685 hypertensive veterans (22% Black, 5% women) in the Million Veteran Program, ATRH was defined as failure to achieve outpatient blood pressure