DNA aptamers masking angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as an innovative way to treat SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

• Published in: Pharmacological research 2022-01, Vol.175, p.105982-105982, Article 105982
• Main Authors: Villa, Alessandro, Brunialti, Electra, Dellavedova, Jessica, Meda, Clara, Rebecchi, Monica, Conti, Matteo, Donnici, Lorena, De Francesco, Raffaele, Reggiani, Angelo, Lionetti, Vincenzo, Ciana, Paolo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: A549 Cells; ACE2; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - antagonists & inhibitors; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - genetics; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - metabolism; Aptamers, Nucleotide - genetics; Aptamers, Nucleotide - metabolism; Aptamers, Nucleotide - pharmacology; Coronavirus; COVID-19 - enzymology; COVID-19 - genetics; COVID-19 - virology; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; COVID-19 therapy; HEK293 Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mutation; Nucleic acid-based drugs; Receptors, Virus - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, Virus - genetics; Receptors, Virus - metabolism; SARS-CoV-2 - genetics; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity; SARS-CoV-2 variants; SELEX Aptamer Technique; Virus Internalization - drug effects
• ISSN: 1043-6618; 1096-1186
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105982

All the different coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated so far share the same mechanism of infection mediated by the interaction of their spike (S) glycoprotein with specific residues on their cellular receptor: the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, the steric hindrance on this cellular receptor created by a bulk macromolecule may represent an effective strategy for the prevention of the viral spreading and the onset of severe forms of Corona Virus disease 19 (COVID-19). Here, we applied a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure to identify two single strand DNA molecules (aptamers) binding specifically to the region surrounding the K353, the key residue in human ACE2 interacting with the N501 amino acid of the SARS-CoV-2 S. 3D docking in silico experiments and biochemical assays demonstrated that these aptamers bind to this region, efficiently prevent the SARS-CoV-2 S/human ACE2 interaction and the viral infection in the nanomolar range, regardless of the viral variant, thus suggesting the possible clinical development of these aptamers as SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors. Our approach brings a significant innovation to the therapeutic paradigm of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by protecting the target cell instead of focusing on the virus; this is particularly attractive in light of the increasing number of viral mutants that may potentially escape the currently developed immune-mediated neutralization strategies. [Display omitted] Novel ssDNA oligos (Aptamers) specifically binding the human ACE2 (hACE2) are able to efficiently prevent the spike/ACE2 interaction.