How Do Serum Zonulin Levels Change in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy Cholestasis, and the Coexistence of Both Diseases?

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-11, Vol.18 (23), p.12555
• Main Authors: Güvey, Huri, Çelik, Samettin, Çalışkan, Canan Soyer, Yılmaz, Zehra, Yılmaz, Merve, Erten, Özlem, Tinelli, Andrea
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amniotic fluid; Antibodies; Apgar score; Bile; Biochemistry; Birth weight; Body mass; Body mass index; Body size; Case-Control Studies; Cholestasis; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Coexistence; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes, Gestational; Enzymes; Fasting; Feces; Female; Gallbladder diseases; Gestational diabetes; Glucose; Haptoglobins - analysis; Health sciences; Hospitals; Humans; Inductively coupled plasma; Infant, Newborn; Laboratories; Liver diseases; Meconium; Metabolism; Permeability; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Protein Precursors - blood; Pruritus; Ultrasonic imaging; Womens health
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312555

We investigated the question of how serum zonulin levels change in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and, in the case of the coexistence of ICP and GDM, evaluated the eventual increase in zonulin plasmatic levels. Participants were enrolled for the study between 25 February 2021 and 20 August 2021. The prospective case-control study included: group 1 of 95 pregnant women diagnosed with ICP; group 2 of 110 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM; group 3 of 16 women diagnosed with both GDM and ICP; group 4 of 136 healthy pregnant women as the control group. The groups were compared in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, gestational week of delivery, plasma zonulin levels, delivery type, birth weight, first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores, newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and meconium staining of amniotic fluid parameters. The results suggested that the plasma zonulin levels of ICP (group 1), GDM (group 2), and GDM with ICP (group 3) patients were higher than those of the healthy pregnant women of group 4 ( < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the highest median plasma zonulin levels were found in group 3 (110.33 ng/mL). Zonulin levels were also associated with the severity of ICP and adverse pregnancy outcomes. High serum zonulin levels were related to GDM, ICP, and adverse perinatal outcomes. The coexistence of GDM and ICP led to higher serum zonulin concentrations.