Gut Microbiome Activity Contributes to Prediction of Individual Variation in Glycemic Response in Adults

• Published in: Diabetes therapy 2022-01, Vol.13 (1), p.89-111
• Main Authors: Tily, Hal, Patridge, Eric, Cai, Ying, Gopu, Vishakh, Gline, Stephanie, Genkin, Matvey, Lindau, Haely, Sjue, Alisson, Slavov, Iordan, Perlina, Ally, Klitgord, Niels, Messier, Helen, Vuyisich, Momchilo, Banavar, Guruduth
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood sugar; Cardiology; Development and progression; Diabetes; Digestive organs; Endocrinology; Genetic aspects; Health aspects; Internal Medicine; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic diseases; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Original Research; Physiological aspects
• ISSN: 1869-6953; 1869-6961
• DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01174-z

Limiting postprandial glycemic response (PPGR) is an important intervention in reducing the risk of chronic metabolic diseases and has been shown to impart significant health benefits in people with elevated levels of blood sugar. In this study, we collected gut microbiome activity data by assessing the metatranscriptome, and we measured the glycemic responses of 550 adults who consumed more than 30,000 meals, collectively, from omnivore or vegetarian/gluten-free diets. We demonstrate that gut microbiome activity, anthropometric factors, and food macronutrients modulate individual variation in glycemic response. We employ two predictive models, including a mixed-effects linear regression model ( R  = 0.77) and a gradient boosting machine model ( R train  = 0.80/ R 2 train  = 0.64; R test  = 0.64/ R 2 test  = 0.40), which demonstrate variation in PPGR between individuals when ingesting the same foods. All features in the final mixed-effects linear regression model were significant ( p