In Vivo Proton Exchange Rate (kex) MRI for the Characterization of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions in Patients

Background Currently available radiological methods do not completely capture the diversity of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion subtypes. This lack of information hampers the understanding of disease progression and potential treatment stratification. For example, inflammation persists in some lesions...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of magnetic resonance imaging 2021-02, Vol.53 (2), p.408-415
Main Authors: Ye, Haiqi, Shaghaghi, Mehran, Chen, Qianlan, Zhang, Yan, Lutz, Sarah E., Chen, Weiwei, Cai, Kejia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Field strength
Foreign exchange rates
functional neuroimaging
Gadolinium
Humans
Image enhancement
In vivo methods and tests
Inflammation
Lesions
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medical imaging
Medical treatment
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - diagnostic imaging
Oxidative stress
proton exchange rate
Protons
Retrospective Studies
Statistical analysis
Statistical tests
Substantia alba
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Summary:Background Currently available radiological methods do not completely capture the diversity of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion subtypes. This lack of information hampers the understanding of disease progression and potential treatment stratification. For example, inflammation persists in some lesions after gadolinium (Gd) enhancement resolves. Novel metabolic and molecular imaging methods may improve the current assessments of MS pathophysiology. Purpose To compare the in vivo proton exchange rate (kex) MRI with Gd‐enhanced MRI for characterizing MS lesions. Study Type Retrospective. Subjects Sixteen consecutively diagnosed relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Field Strength/Sequence 3.0T MRI with T2‐weighted imaging, postcontrast T1‐weighted imaging, and single‐slice chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging. Assessment MS lesions in white matter were assessed for Gd enhancement and kex elevation compared to normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM). Statistical Tests Student's t‐test was used for analyzing the difference of kex values between lesions and NAWM, with statistical significance set at 0.05. Results Of all 153 MS lesions, 78 (51%) lesions were Gd‐enhancing and 75 (49%) were Gd‐negative. Without exception, all 78 Gd‐enhancing lesions showed significantly elevated kex values compared to NAWM (924 ± 130 s–1 vs. 735 ± 61 s–1, P 
ISSN:1053-1807
1522-2586
DOI:10.1002/jmri.27363