Treatment Dropout Among Veterans and Their Families: Quantitative and Qualitative Findings

• Published in: Psychological trauma 2022-05, Vol.14 (4), p.578-586
• Main Authors: Amsalem, Doron, Lopez-Yianilos, Andrea, Lowell, Ari, Pickover, Alison M., Arnon, Shay, Zhu, Xi, Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin, Ryba, Matt, Bergman, Maja, Such, Sara, Zalman, Hemrie, Sanchez-Lacay, Arturo, Lazarov, Amit, Markowitz, John C., Neria, Yuval
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Clinicians; Demographic Characteristics; Depressive Disorder, Major - therapy; Exposure Therapy; Family Members; Female; Health Personnel Attitudes; Human; Humans; Implosive Therapy; Major Depression; Male; Military Personnel - psychology; Military Veterans; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology; Treatment; Treatment Dropouts; Veterans - psychology
• ISSN: 1942-9681; 1942-969X
• DOI: 10.1037/tra0001109

Background: Psychotherapy noncompletion rates for veterans and their families are high. This study sought to (a) measure noncompletion rates of such patients at a university-based treatment center, (b) compare veteran and family member attrition rates, (c) identify dropout predictors, and (d) explore clinicians' perspectives on treatment noncompletion. Method: Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, we analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics of 141 patients (90 military veterans; 51 family members) in a university treatment center. We defined dropout as not completing the time-limited therapy contract. Reviewing semistructured interview data assessing clinicians' perspectives on their patients' dropout, three independent raters agreed on key themes, with interrater coefficient kappa range .74 to 1. Results: Patient attrition was 24%, not differing significantly between veterans and family members. Diagnosis of major depression (MDD) and exposure-based therapies predicted noncompletion, as did higher baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) total scores, severe depression (HDRS > 20), lack of Beck Depression Inventory weekly improvement, and history of military sexual trauma. Clinicians mostly attributed noncompletion to patient difficulties coping with intense emotions, especially in exposure-based therapies. Conclusion: Noncompletion rate at this study appeared relatively low compared to other veteran-based treatment centers, if still unfortunately substantial. Patients with comorbid MDD/PTSD and exposure-based therapies carried greater noncompletion risk due to the MDD component, and this should be considered in treatment planning. Ongoing discussion of dissatisfaction and patient discontinuation, in the context of a strong therapeutic alliance, might reduce noncompletion in this at-risk population. Clinical Impact StatementThe findings of this study have the potential to improve clinical care for veterans and family members in a number of ways. For example, providing nonexposure-based interventions to veterans, particularly to depressed patients, may reduce dropouts, and facilitate treatment completion. Furthermore, the findings suggest that openly discussing difficulties to continue treatment among patients who might consider dropping out, may lower dropout rates.