The neurogenic niche in Alzheimer’s disease

•Adult hippocampal neurogenesis persists in aged humans, but depletes in Alzheimer’s disease.•Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology fundamentally affects adult neural stem cells.•Alzheimer’s disease triggers inflammatory stimuli that affects neurogenesis.•Inflammatory stimuli induce circuit dysfunctio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroscience letters 2021-09, Vol.762, p.136109-136109, Article 136109
Main Authors: Wander, Connor M., Song, Juan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Adult Stem Cells - pathology
Aging
Alzheimer Disease - pathology
Alzheimer’s disease
Animals
Hippocampus - pathology
Humans
Neural stem cells
Neural Stem Cells - pathology
Neurogenesis - physiology
Neurogenic niche
Stem Cell Niche - physiology
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Summary:•Adult hippocampal neurogenesis persists in aged humans, but depletes in Alzheimer’s disease.•Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology fundamentally affects adult neural stem cells.•Alzheimer’s disease triggers inflammatory stimuli that affects neurogenesis.•Inflammatory stimuli induce circuit dysfunction and remodeling that affects neurogenesis.•A comprehensive view of the many alterations within the neurogenic niche will inform development of future therapies. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process of generation and functional incorporation of new neurons, formed by adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly dependent upon the integration of dynamic external stimuli and is instrumental in the formation of new spatial memories. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is therefore uniquely sensitive to the summation of neuronal circuit and neuroimmune environments that comprise the neurogenic niche, and has powerful implications in diseases of aging and neurological disorders. This sensitivity underlies the neurogenic niche alterations commonly observed in Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia. This review summarizes Alzheimer’s disease associated changes in neuronal network activity, neuroinflammatory processes, and adult neural stem cell fate choice that ultimately result in neurogenic niche dysfunction and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex changes mediating neurogenic niche disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease will aid development of future therapies targeting adult neurogenesis.
ISSN:0304-3940
1872-7972
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136109