Sex‐specific biomechanics and morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament during skeletal growth in a porcine model

Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are on the rise, and females experience higher ACL injury risk than males during adolescence. Studies in skeletally immature patients indicate differences in ACL size and joint laxity between males and females after the onset of adolescence. Howeve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of orthopaedic research 2022-08, Vol.40 (8), p.1853-1864
Main Authors: Howe, Danielle, Cone, Stephanie G., Piedrahita, Jorge A., Collins, Bruce, Fordham, Lynn A., Griffith, Emily H., Spang, Jeffrey T., Fisher, Matthew B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Aged
Animals
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Biomechanical Phenomena
Child
Female
Humans
Joint Instability
knee
Knee Joint
Male
porcine model
skeletal growth
Swine
Tibia
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Summary:Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are on the rise, and females experience higher ACL injury risk than males during adolescence. Studies in skeletally immature patients indicate differences in ACL size and joint laxity between males and females after the onset of adolescence. However, functional data regarding the ACL and its anteromedial and posterolateral bundles in the pediatric population remain rare. Therefore, this study uses a porcine model to investigate the sex‐specific morphology and biomechanics of the ACL and its bundles throughout skeletal growth. Hind limbs from male and female Yorkshire pigs aged early youth to late adolescence were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging to measure the size and orientation of the ACL and its bundles, then biomechanically tested under anterior‐posterior drawer using a robotic testing system. Joint laxity decreased (p 
ISSN:0736-0266
1554-527X
DOI:10.1002/jor.25207