Non-neutralizing antibodies: Deleterious or propitious during SARS-CoV-2 infection?

•Pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies do not correlate with COVID-19 severity.•Pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies are related to lower COVID-19 mortality.•Cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies do not drive ADE in SARS-CoV2 infection. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a complex pheno...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International immunopharmacology 2022-09, Vol.110, p.108943-108943, Article 108943
Main Authors: Zanella, Isabella, Degli Antoni, Melania, Marchese, Valentina, Castelli, Francesco, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement
COVID-19
Humans
Neutralizing antibodies
SARS-CoV-2
Therapies
Vaccines
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Summary:•Pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies do not correlate with COVID-19 severity.•Pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies are related to lower COVID-19 mortality.•Cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies do not drive ADE in SARS-CoV2 infection. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a complex phenomenon mediated by antibodies, frequently pre-existing non-neutralizing or sub-neutralizing antibodies. In the course of infectious diseases, ADE may be responsible for worsening the clinical course of the disease by increasing the virulence of pathogens (ADE of infection) or enhancing disease severity (ADE of disease). Here we reviewed the mechanisms thought to be behind the ADE phenomenon and its potential relationship with COVID-19 severity. Since the early COVID-19 epidemics, ADE has been mentioned as a possible mechanism involved in severe COVID-19 disease and, later, as a potential risk in the case of infection after vaccination. However, current data do not support its role in disease severity, both after infection and reinfection.
ISSN:1567-5769
1878-1705
DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108943