Olfactory Training in Post-COVID-19 Persistent Olfactory Disorders: Value Normalization for Threshold but Not Identification

(1) Background: Persistent post-viral olfactory disorders (PPVOD) are estimated at 30% of patients one year after COVID-19 infection. No treatment is, to date, significantly effective on PPVOD with the exception of olfactory training (OT). The main objective of this work was to evaluate OT efficienc...

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Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2022-06, Vol.11 (12), p.3275
Main Authors: Vandersteen, Clair, Payne, Magali, Dumas, Louise-Émilie, Cancian, Élisa, Plonka, Alexandra, D'Andréa, Grégoire, Chirio, David, Demonchy, Élisa, Risso, Karine, Askenazy-Gittard, Florence, Savoldelli, Charles, Guevara, Nicolas, Robert, Philippe, Castillo, Laurent, Manera, Valeria, Gros, Auriane
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Clinical medicine
Compliance
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Infections
Mental disorders
Mental health
Olfaction disorders
Patients
Quality of life
Questionnaires
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Steroids
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Summary:(1) Background: Persistent post-viral olfactory disorders (PPVOD) are estimated at 30% of patients one year after COVID-19 infection. No treatment is, to date, significantly effective on PPVOD with the exception of olfactory training (OT). The main objective of this work was to evaluate OT efficiency on post-COVID-19 PPVOD. (2) Methods: Consecutive patients consulting to the ENT department with post-COVID-19 PPVOD were included after completing clinical examination, the complete Sniffin’ Stick Test (TDI), the short version of the Questionnaire of olfactory disorders and the SF-36. Patients were trained to practice a self-olfactory training with a dedicated olfactory training kit twice a day for 6 months before returning to undergo the same assessments. (3) Results: Forty-three patients were included and performed 3.5 months of OT in average. We observed a significant TDI score improvement, increasing from 24.7 (±8.9) before the OT to 30.9 (±9.8) (p < 0.001). Based on normative data, a significant increase in the number of normosmic participants was observed only for the threshold values (p < 0.001). Specific and general olfaction-related quality of life improved after the OT. (4) Conclusions: Olfactory function appeared to improve only in peripheral aspects of post-COVID-19 PPVOD after OT. Future controlled studies must be performed to confirm the OT role and justify new therapeutic strategies that may focus on the central aspects of post-COVID-19 PPVOD.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm11123275