Baseline and time‐updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti‐HIV‐1 vaginal microbicides

• Published in: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology 2022-05, Vol.14 (3), p.e1774-n/a
• Main Authors: Rodríguez‐Izquierdo, Ignacio, Sepúlveda‐Crespo, Daniel, Lasso, Jose María, Resino, Salvador, Muñoz‐Fernández, Ma Ángeles
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acceptability; Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use; Clinical trials; dendrimer; Dendrimers; Dendrimers - therapeutic use; Disease transmission; Female; HIV; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - prevention & control; HIV-1; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Knowledge acquisition; Microbicides; Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease; Nanoscale Systems in Biology; Nanotechnology; Overview; preclinical steps; regulation; Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine; Sexually transmitted diseases; STD; vaginal microbicide
• ISSN: 1939-5116; 1939-0041; 1939-0041
• DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1774

Although a wide variety of topical microbicides provide promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy, most of them failed to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) in human clinical trials. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models must be optimized, considering the knowledge acquired from unsuccessful and successful clinical trials to improve the current gaps and the preclinical development protocols. To date, dendrimers are the only nanotool that has advanced to human clinical trials as topical microbicides to prevent HIV‐1 transmission. This fact demonstrates the importance and the potential of these molecules as microbicides. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV‐1 that disturb HIV‐1 entry. Herein, the most significant advancements in topical microbicide development, trying to mimic the real‐life conditions as closely as possible, are discussed. This review also provides the preclinical assays that anionic dendrimers have passed as microbicides because they can improve current antiviral treatments' efficacy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine Key preclinical steps in the development of a vaginal microbicide against HIV‐1 infection to lead to clinical trials.