A Symmetry‐Based Kinematic Theory for Nanocrystal Morphology Design

The growth of crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) generally involves three processes: nucleation, growth, and shape evolution. Among them, the shape evolution is less understood, despite the importance of morphology for NP properties. Here, we propose a symmetry‐based kinematic theory (SBKT) based on cl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2022-05, Vol.61 (20), p.e202200753-n/a
Main Authors: Ni, Bing, González‐Rubio, Guillermo, Kirner, Felizitas, Zhang, Siyuan, Cölfen, Helmut
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Au Dendrimers
Crystal growth
Crystal lattices
Crystals
Dendritic structure
Evolution
Kinematic Theory
Kinematics
Morphogenesis
Morphology
Morphology Evolution and Design
Nanocrystals
Nanoparticles
Nucleation
Symmetry
Symmetry Breaking
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Summary:The growth of crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) generally involves three processes: nucleation, growth, and shape evolution. Among them, the shape evolution is less understood, despite the importance of morphology for NP properties. Here, we propose a symmetry‐based kinematic theory (SBKT) based on classical growth theories to illustrate the process. Based on the crystal lattice, nucleus (or seed) symmetry, and the preferential growth directions under the experimental conditions, the SBKT can illustrate the growth trajectories. The theory accommodates the conventional criteria of the major existing theories for crystal growth and provides tools to better understand the symmetry‐breaking process during the growth of anisotropic structures. Furthermore, complex dendritic growth is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Thus, it provides a framework to explain the shape evolution, and extends the morphogenesis prediction to cases, which cannot be treated by other theories. A symmetry‐based kinematic theory (SBKT) based on classical growth theories to illustrate shape evolution is proposed. Based on the crystal lattice, nucleus symmetry, and the preferential growth directions under the experimental conditions, the SBKT can illustrate the growth trajectories of NPs. The theory accommodates the conventional theories for crystal growth and provides tools to better understand the symmetry‐breaking.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.202200753