The short term safety of COVID‐19 vaccines in Australia: AusVaxSafety active surveillance, February – August 2021

• Published in: Medical journal of Australia 2022-08, Vol.217 (4), p.195-202
• Main Authors: Deng, Lucy, Glover, Catherine, Dymock, Michael, Pillsbury, Alexis, Marsh, Julie A, Quinn, Helen E, Leeb, Alan, Cashman, Patrick, Snelling, Thomas L, Wood, Nicholas, Macartney, Kristine
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: COVID‐19; Drug‐related side effects and adverse reactions; Infectious Diseases; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Vaccination
• ISSN: 0025-729X; 1326-5377
• DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51619

Objective To assess the short term safety of the COVID‐19 vaccines Comirnaty (Pfizer–BioNTech BNT162b2) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1) in Australia. Design Prospective observational cohort study; online surveys by AusVaxSafety, a national active vaccine safety surveillance system, three and eight days after vaccination. Setting, participants People aged 16 years or more who received COVID‐19 vaccines at sentinel vaccination hubs, general practices, or Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation clinics, 22 February – 30 August 2021. Main outcome measures Primary outcome: proportion of respondents who reported any adverse event following immunisation (AEFI) 0–3 days after vaccination. Secondary outcomes: proportions of respondents who reported specific adverse events or medical review for AEFI within seven days of vaccination; impact on usual daily activities; recovery. Results 4 851 480 people received COVID‐19 vaccines at participating sentinel sites during the study period (25% of all COVID‐19 vaccine doses administered in Australia to 30 August 2021). 3 035 983 people responded to both surveys (response rate, 62.6%); 35.9% of respondents reported one or more AEFI 0–3 days after Comirnaty dose 1, 54.7% after Comirnaty dose 2, 52.8% after Vaxzevria dose 1, and 22.0% after Vaxzevria dose 2. Local pain, fatigue, headache, and myalgia were the most frequently reported symptoms. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, vaccination site type, jurisdiction, and self‐reported medical conditions, the odds of reporting any AEFI were higher for women than men (range of adjusted odd ratios [aORs], by vaccine and dose, 1.53–1.84), for people with a history of anaphylaxis (aOR range, 1.28–1.45), and for people reporting certain underlying conditions, including obesity (aOR range, 1.15–1.75), immunodeficiency (aOR range, 1.04–2.24), or chronic inflammatory disease (aOR range, 1.05–1.75). 0.9% of respondents sought medical advice in the three days following vaccination, most frequently after Comirnaty dose 2 (1.4%) and Vaxzevria dose 1 (1.2%). Conclusion AusVaxSafety active surveillance affirms the short term safety profile of Comirnaty and Vaxzevria vaccines in a large population sample during the first six months of the Australian COVID‐19 vaccination program.