Autoimmune disease and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

Background Oral cancer is typically related to environmental carcinogen exposure including tobacco and alcohol. Other less investigated risk factors may be related to a suppressed or dysregulated immune state, and in oral cancer, various levels of immune dysregulation have been found to affect survi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of oral pathology & medicine 2021-10, Vol.50 (9), p.855-863
Main Authors: Pillai, Anjali, Adilbay, Dauren, Matsoukas, Konstantina, Ganly, Ian, Patel, Snehal G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
autoimmune disease
Autoimmune diseases
cancer risk
Carcinogens
immune dysregulation
Meta-analysis
Oral cancer
Oral carcinoma
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Risk factors
Squamous cell carcinoma
Systematic review
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Summary:Background Oral cancer is typically related to environmental carcinogen exposure including tobacco and alcohol. Other less investigated risk factors may be related to a suppressed or dysregulated immune state, and in oral cancer, various levels of immune dysregulation have been found to affect survival and recurrence rates. The rationale for this systematic review was to investigate the possible role that a growing chronic host condition like an autoimmune disease may play in this disease. Methods A systematic search of the literature was carried out using four electronic databases in order to identify original research of any analytic study design type that investigated the relationship between autoimmune disease and oral cancer. Out of 1,947 identified records, 24 observational studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Results The studies varied in end points ranging from overall survival (OS), standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and hazard ratio (HR). Due to the heterogenous sampling of studies even within the same study design group, a meta‐analysis was not employed. The current state of the literature is varied and heterogenous in both study design and endpoints. Conclusion Major limitations existed introducing significant bias especially in determining cancer risk such as lack of information surrounding known etiologic risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. Despite these limitations, a signal was seen between autoimmune disease and oral cancer outcomes and risk. Future studies investigating the relationship between autoimmune disease and oral cancer in a more focused and quantitative manner are therefore needed.
ISSN:0904-2512
1600-0714
DOI:10.1111/jop.13218