Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Muscle Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men and Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Reviews focused on the ketogenic diet (KD) based on the increase in fat-free mass (FFM) have been carried out with pathological populations or, failing that, without population differentiation. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to verify whether a ketogenic diet without programmed energy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-10, Vol.19 (19), p.12629
Main Authors: Vargas-Molina, Salvador, Gómez-Urquiza, José L, García-Romero, Jerónimo, Benítez-Porres, Javier
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Athletes
Bias
Body composition
Body fat
Boolean algebra
Carbohydrates
Clinical trials
Confidence intervals
Diet
Diet, Ketogenic - adverse effects
Fat-free body mass
Female
High fat diet
Humans
Hypertrophy
Intervention
Ketogenesis
Low carbohydrate diet
Male
Meta-analysis
Muscles
Physical training
Population differentiation
Proteins
Resistance Training
Review
Reviews
Satiety
Sports training
Standard deviation
Strength training
Systematic review
Ultrasonic imaging
Variables
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Summary:Reviews focused on the ketogenic diet (KD) based on the increase in fat-free mass (FFM) have been carried out with pathological populations or, failing that, without population differentiation. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to verify whether a ketogenic diet without programmed energy restriction generates increases in fat-free mass (FFM) in resistance-trained participants. We evaluated the effect of the ketogenic diet, in conjunction with resistance training, on fat-free mass in trained participants. Boolean algorithms from various databases (PubMed, Scopus. and Web of Science) were used, and a total of five studies were located that related to both ketogenic diets and resistance-trained participants. In all, 111 athletes or resistance-trained participants (87 male and 24 female) were evaluated in the studies analyzed. We found no significant differences between groups in the FFM variables, and more research is needed to perform studies with similar ketogenic diets and control diet interventions. Ketogenic diets, taking into account the possible side effects, can be an alternative for increasing muscle mass as long as energy surplus is generated; however, their application for eight weeks or more without interruption does not seem to be the best option due to the satiety and lack of adherence generated.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph191912629