Theophylline-Loaded Pectin/Chitosan Hydrochloride Submicron Particles Prepared by Spray Drying with a Continuous Feeding Ultrasonic Atomizer

Pectin/chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) particles containing theophylline were prepared by a spray-drying apparatus coupled with a continuous feeding ultrasonic atomizer and a heating column. The formation of the submicron particles was investigated at various compositions of pectin solutions added with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2022-10, Vol.14 (21), p.4538
Main Authors: Cheng, Kuo-Chung, Hu, Chia-Chien, Li, Chih-Ying, Li, Shih-Chi, Cai, Zhi-Wei, Wei, Yang, Don, Trong-Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aqueous solutions
Atomizing
Calcium chloride
Chemical industry
Chitosan
Citrus fruits
Crosslinked polymers
Crosslinking
Drug carriers
Drug delivery systems
Drugs
Drying apparatus
Fourier transforms
Morphology
Particle size
Pectin
Phosphates
Scanning devices
Scanning electron microscopy
Spectrum analysis
Spray drying
Theophylline
Vehicles
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Summary:Pectin/chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) particles containing theophylline were prepared by a spray-drying apparatus coupled with a continuous feeding ultrasonic atomizer and a heating column. The formation of the submicron particles was investigated at various compositions of pectin solutions added with a chitosan hydrochloride or calcium chloride solution as a crosslinking agent. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed the pectin/chitosan hydrochloride particles had spherical and smooth surfaces. Depending on the feeding concentrations, the produced particles had diameters in the range of 300 to 800 nm with a narrow size distribution. Furthermore, the theophylline (TH)-loaded pectin/CHC particles were also prepared by the same apparatus. The TH release from the submicron particles in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C was monitored in real-time by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The Ritger–Peppas model could well describe the TH release profiles. All the diffusional exponents (n) of the release systems were greater than 0.7; thus, the transport mechanism was not a simple Fickian diffusion. Particularly, the n value was 1.14 for the TH-loaded particles at a pectin/CHC weight ratio of 5/2, which was very close to the zero-order drug delivery (n = 1). Therefore, the constant drug-release rate could be achieved by using the spray-dried pectin/CHC particles as the drug carrier.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym14214538