The humoral and cellular immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and sub-lineages

The recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) has rapidly become a global public health issue. The substantial mutations in the spike protein in this new variant have raised concerns about its ability to escape from pre-existing immunity established by natural infection or vaccinati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virologica Sinica 2022-12, Vol.37 (6), p.786-795
Main Authors: Xiang, Tiandan, Wang, Junzhong, Zheng, Xin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
Antibody evasion
Cellular immunity
COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
Immune Evasion
Omicron
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Vaccine
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Summary:The recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) has rapidly become a global public health issue. The substantial mutations in the spike protein in this new variant have raised concerns about its ability to escape from pre-existing immunity established by natural infection or vaccination. In this review, we give a summary of current knowledge concerning the antibody evasion properties of Omicron and its subvariants (BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75) from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and the sera of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients or convalescent patients. We also summarize whether vaccine-induced cellular immunity (memory B cell and T cell response) can recognize Omicron specifically. In brief, the Omicron variants demonstrated remarkable antibody evasion, with even more striking antibody escape seen in the Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lineages. Luckily, the third booster vaccine dose significantly increased the neutralizing antibodies titers, and the vaccine-induced cellular response remains conserved and provides second-line defense against the Omicron. •Omicron and its sub-lineages significantly enhanced their transmissibility and immune evasion.•Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75 sub-lineages show more significant antibody escape than BA.1 and BA.2.•Third booster dose vaccination is important, but the need for the fourth dose remains to be determined.•The SARS-CoV-2 specific B cell and T cell response was conserved and able to cross-recognize the Omicron.
ISSN:1995-820X
1674-0769
1995-820X
DOI:10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.007