Humoral response and safety of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: An observational study

• Published in: Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 2023-03, Vol.29 (3), p.274-280
• Main Authors: Nishikubo, Masashi, Shimomura, Yoshimitsu, Maruoka, Hayato, Nasu, Seiko, Nishioka, Tomomi, Sakizono, Kenji, Mitsuyuki, Satoshi, Kubo, Tomoyo, Okada, Naoki, Nakagawa, Daishi, Kamijo, Kimimori, Imoto, Hiroharu, Yamamoto, Ryusuke, Nagai, Yuya, Hiramoto, Nobuhiro, Yoshioka, Satoshi, Yonetani, Noboru, Matsushita, Akiko, Miyakoshi, Chisato, Doi, Asako, Ishikawa, Takayuki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273; Allogeneic; Antibodies, Viral; BNT162 Vaccine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome; COVID-19; COVID-19 - prevention & control; COVID-19 Vaccines - adverse effects; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Humans; Original; Prospective Studies; RNA, Messenger; SARS-CoV-2; Transplantation; Vaccination - adverse effects; Vaccine
• ISSN: 1341-321X; 1437-7780
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.11.010

The effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and the optimal timing of vaccine administration in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) recipients remains inadequately investigated. We examine the effectiveness and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in allo-HSCT recipients. This prospective observational study included 44 allo-HSCT recipients and 38 healthy volunteers. The proportion of subjects acquiring anti-S1 IgG antibodies were considered as the primary endpoint. The occurrence of adverse events after vaccination and objective deterioration of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were defined as secondary endpoints. In addition, we compared the geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-S1 antibody titers in subgroups based on time interval between transplantation and vaccination. A humoral response to the vaccine was evident in 40 (91%) patients and all 38 healthy controls. The GMT of anti-S1 titers in patients and healthy controls were 277 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 120–643) BAU/mL and 532 (95% CI 400–708) BAU/mL, respectively. (p = 0.603). A short time interval between transplantation and vaccination (≤6 months) was associated with low anti-S1 IgG antibody titers. No serious adverse events and deterioration of chronic GVHD were observed. Only one case of new development of mild chronic GVHD was recorded. Messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccines induce humoral responses in allo-HSCT recipients and can be administered safely.