MAPLE Processed Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Coatings

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-12, Vol.23 (23), p.15355
• Main Authors: Hudiță, Ariana, Grumezescu, Valentina, Gherasim, Oana, Grumezescu, Alexandru Mihai, Dorcioman, Gabriela, Negut, Irina, Oprea, Ovidiu-Cristian, Vasile, Bogdan Ștefan, Gălățeanu, Bianca, Curuțiu, Carmen, Holban, Alina Maria
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acer; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Biocompatibility; Biofilms; Biomedical materials; Blood; Coatings; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Drug resistance; Eugenol; Evaporation; Humans; In vitro methods and tests; Infections; Inflammation; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; Iron oxides; Magnetite; Medical equipment; Microorganisms; Nanoparticles; Nanostructured materials; Nanostructures - chemistry; Ostomy; Pathogens; Phase transitions; Pulsed lasers; Silicon dioxide; Silicon Dioxide - chemistry; Silicon Dioxide - pharmacology; Thermogravimetric analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315355

Despite their great benefits for debilitated patients, indwelling devices are prone to become easily colonized by resident and opportunistic microorganisms, which have the ability to attach to their surfaces and form highly specialized communities called biofilms. These are extremely resistant to host defense mechanisms and antibiotics, leading to treatment failure and device replacement, but also to life-threatening complications. In this study, we aimed to optimize a silica (SiO )-coated magnetite (Fe O )-based nanosystem containing the natural antimicrobial agent, eugenol (E), suitable for MAPLE (matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation) deposition as a bioactive coating for biomedical applications. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy investigations were employed to characterize the obtained nanosystems. The tests evidenced the superior biocompatibility of such nanostructured coatings, as revealed by their non-cytotoxic activity and ability to promote cellular proliferation and sustain normal cellular development of dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, the obtained nanocoatings did not induce proinflammatory events in human blood samples. Our studies demonstrated that Fe O NPs can improve the antimicrobial activity of E, while the use of a SiO matrix may increase its efficiency over prolonged periods of time. The Fe O @SiO nanosystems showed excellent biocompatibility, sustaining human dermal fibroblasts' viability, proliferation, and typical architecture. More, the novel coatings lack proinflammatory potential as revealed by the absence of proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to human blood sample interactions.