Comprehensive collection of COVID-19 related prosthetic valve failure: a systematic review

Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, correlation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and COVID-19 infection has been well established. Increased inflammatory response in the setting of COVID-19 infection is associated with VTE and hypercoagulability. Venous and arterial thrombotic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2023-04, Vol.55 (3), p.474-489
Main Authors: Trieu, Theresa K., Birkeland, Kade, Kimchi, Asher, Kedan, Ilan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aorta
Aortic Valve
Cardiology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
Fibrinolytic Agents
Heart Valve Diseases - complications
Heart Valve Prosthesis - adverse effects
Hematology
Humans
Infections
Inflammation
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Prostheses
Prosthetics
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Systematic review
Thromboembolism
Thrombosis
Thrombosis - complications
Venous Thromboembolism - complications
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Summary:Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, correlation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and COVID-19 infection has been well established. Increased inflammatory response in the setting of COVID-19 infection is associated with VTE and hypercoagulability. Venous and arterial thrombotic events in COVID-19 infection have been well documented; however, few cases have been reported involving cardiac valve prostheses. In this review, we present a total of eight cases involving COVID-19-related prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT), as identified in a systematic review. These eight cases describe valve position (mitral versus aortic) and prosthesis type (bioprosthetic versus mechanical), and all cases demonstrate incidents of PVT associated with simultaneous or recent COVID-19 infection. None of these eight cases display obvious non-adherence to anticoagulation; five of the cases occurred greater than three years after the most recent valve replacement. Our review offers insights into PVT in COVID-19 infected patients including an indication for increased monitoring in the peri-infectious period. We explore valve thrombosis as a mechanism for prosthetic valve failure. We describe potential differences in antithrombotic strategies that may offer added antithrombotic protection during COVID-19 infection. With the growing population of valve replacement patients and recurring COVID-19 infection surges, it is imperative to explore relationships between COVID-19 and PVT.
ISSN:1573-742X
0929-5305
1573-742X
DOI:10.1007/s11239-022-02746-x