Spatiotemporal Analysis of Black Carbon Sources: Case of Santiago, Chile, under SARS-CoV-2 Lockdowns

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has temporarily decreased black carbon emissions worldwide. The use of multi-wavelength aethalometers provides a quantitative apportionment of black carbon (BC) from fossil fuels (BC ) and wood-burning sources (BC ). However, this apportionment is aggregated: local and non-lo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-12, Vol.19 (24), p.17064
Main Authors: Adasme, Carla, Villalobos, Ana María, Jorquera, Héctor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Algorithms
Apportionment
Black carbon
Burning
Carbon
Carbon - analysis
Carbon sources
Chile
Clustering
Communicable Disease Control
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Data analysis
Emissions
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Fossil fuels
Humans
Meteorological data
Methodology
Particulate Matter - analysis
Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Soot - analysis
Spatial analysis
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Urban areas
Wind
Wood
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Summary:The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has temporarily decreased black carbon emissions worldwide. The use of multi-wavelength aethalometers provides a quantitative apportionment of black carbon (BC) from fossil fuels (BC ) and wood-burning sources (BC ). However, this apportionment is aggregated: local and non-local BC sources are lumped together in the aethalometer results. We propose a spatiotemporal analysis of BC results along with meteorological data, using a fuzzy clustering approach, to resolve local and non-local BC contributions. We apply this methodology to BC measurements taken at an urban site in Santiago, Chile, from March through December 2020, including lockdown periods of different intensities. BC accounts for 85% of total BC; there was up to an 80% reduction in total BC during the most restrictive lockdowns (April-June); the reduction was 40-50% in periods with less restrictive lockdowns. The new methodology can apportion BC and BC into local and non-local contributions; local traffic (wood burning) sources account for 66% (86%) of BC (BC ). The intensive lockdowns brought down ambient BC across the city. The proposed fuzzy clustering methodology can resolve local and non-local contributions to BC in urban zones.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph192417064