Immune checkpoints in T cells during oncogenic γ‐herpesvirus infections

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two persistent oncogenic γ‐herpesviruses with an exclusive tropism for humans. They cause cancers of lymphocyte, epithelial and endothelial cell origin, such as Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary effusion...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2023-01, Vol.95 (1), p.e27840-n/a
Main Author: Münz, Christian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2B4
Cancer
CD27
CTLA‐4
Effusion
Endothelial cells
Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Herpesviridae Infections
Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics
Herpesvirus 8, Human
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Humans
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus
Kaposis sarcoma
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Lymphoma
Mutation
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Neoplasms
PD‐1
Primary effusion lymphoma
Receptors
Review
Reviews
Sarcoma
Sarcoma, Kaposi
T-Lymphocytes
Throat cancer
Tropism
Tumors
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two persistent oncogenic γ‐herpesviruses with an exclusive tropism for humans. They cause cancers of lymphocyte, epithelial and endothelial cell origin, such as Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. Mutations in immune‐related genes but also adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients have revealed molecular requirements for immune control of EBV and KSHV. These include costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors on T cells that are currently explored or already therapeutically targeted in tumor patients. This review discusses these co‐receptors and their influence on EBV‐ and KSHV‐associated diseases. The respective studies reveal surprising specificities of some of these receptors for immunity to these tumor viruses, benefits of their blockade for some but not other virus‐associated diseases, and that EBV‐ and KSHV‐specific immune control should be monitored during immune checkpoint inhibition to prevent adverse events that might be associated with their reactivation during treatment.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.27840