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Abiotic Pollination: An Evolutionary Escape for Animal-Pollinated Angiosperms [and Discussion]
Early botanists considered abiotic pollination to be primitive in angiosperms. But we now deduce from studies of palaeoecology and of extant `primitive' angiosperms that animal pollination was concomitant with the rise of the angiosperms. Recent studies of wind and water pollination in angiospe...
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Published in: | Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences 1991-08, Vol.333 (1267), p.217-224 |
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Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Early botanists considered abiotic pollination to be primitive in angiosperms. But we now deduce from studies of palaeoecology
and of extant `primitive' angiosperms that animal pollination was concomitant with the rise of the angiosperms. Recent studies
of wind and water pollination in angiosperms also show these systems to be highly sophisticated. If entomophily contributed
to the rise of the early angiosperms, why should many of their descendants have later evolved abiotic pollination systems?
Although entomophily was initially advantageous to the early angiosperms, abiotic pollination systems may be superior in areas
of low species diversity, newly colonized habitats, and places with extremely short growing seasons or other adverse climatic
conditions. Abiotically pollinated plants are not constrained by the range of animal pollinators, and as a result are spectacularly
successful in long-distance dispersal. Abiotic pollination also offers an escape from deleterious sexual selection and from
dependency on pollinators that are climatically limited in their distribution in space or time and vulnerable to extinction.
Because evolution of abiotic pollination frequently leads to dicliny or dichogamy, it is largely irreversible. This evolutionary
irreversibility coupled with lowered rates of extinction and speciation give wind- or water-pollinated taxa unique phylogenetic
profiles. As a large quantity of pollen is wasted by anemophilous plants, it is surprising that so many vigorous species of
this kind abounding with individuals should still exist in any part of the world; for if they had been rendered entomophilous,
their pollen would have been transported by the aid of the senses and appetites of insects with incomparably greater safety
than by the wind... It seems at first sight a still more surprising fact that plants, after having been once rendered entomophilous,
should ever have again become anemophilous. (Darwin 1876, p. 407) |
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ISSN: | 0962-8436 1471-2970 |
DOI: | 10.1098/rstb.1991.0070 |