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Clinical reasoning of medical students in a public university in Brazil

The aim of this research was to understand the reasoning developed by medical students in a public university in Brazil. This research on education included semi-structured interviews and film recordings of interns discussing 10 clinical cases. A sample of 16 interns analyzed cases presented on a no...

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Published in:Revista brasileira de educação médica 2012-12, Vol.36 (4), p.463-469
Main Authors: Fornaziero, Célia Cristina, Gordan, Pedro Alejandro, Garanhani, Mara Lúcia
Format: Article
Language:eng ; por
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Summary:The aim of this research was to understand the reasoning developed by medical students in a public university in Brazil. This research on education included semi-structured interviews and film recordings of interns discussing 10 clinical cases. A sample of 16 interns analyzed cases presented on a notebook computer with a webcam. They were instructed to verbalize all their thoughts on the procedures they would use. The film recordings and transcripts of the interviews were analyzed. Quantitative data was evaluated using Yates' chi-squared test and speech analysis was used to evaluate the transcripts. The theme worked on in the practice of reasoning was: the student's perceptions of their clinical practice. Of the 160 diagnoses, 57% were done with analytical reasoning and 43% with non-analytical reasoning. The hypothetical deductive method was employed by 31% of the interns and the inductive method was employed by 69%. The diagnostic accuracy was 81% correct for easy cases and 85% correct for difficult cases. We observed two empirical categories: the cognitive universe of the student and the patient's context. Esta pesquisa teve como intuito compreender o raciocínio desenvolvido pelos estudantes de Medicina de uma universidade pública do Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa educacional, que abrangeu filmagens da resolução de dez casos clínicos e entrevista semiestruturada. A amostra foi formada por 16 internos, que responderam aos casos, apresentados em um notebook com webcam, e foram instruídos a verbalizar todo pensamento neste procedimento. Para a análise foi realizada a transcrição das falas e a observação da filmagem. Os dados quantitativos foram avaliados pelo Teste do Qui-Quadrado com correção de Yates, e os descritivos, por análise de discurso. O tema trabalhado na prática do raciocínio foi: percepções dos alunos de sua prática clínica. Entre as 160 resoluções, 57% foram por raciocínio analítico e 43% por não analítico. O processo hipotético-dedutivo foi empregado por 31% dos internos, e o indutivo por 69% dos participantes do estudo. A acurácia diagnóstica foi de 81% de acertos nos casos fáceis e de 85% de acertos nos casos difíceis. Observamos duas categorias empíricas: o universo cognitivo do estudante e o contexto do paciente.
ISSN:0100-5502
1981-5271
0100-5502
DOI:10.1590/S0100-55022012000600004