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Biologia floral e fenologia reprodutiva do camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh, Myrtaceae) no Estado Pará, Brasil

The camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H. B.K.) McVaugh, Myrtaceae) is a native fruit tree found on seasonaly flooded banks of Amazonian rivers and lakes, which is being domesticated for cultivation on non-flooded areas. Its high ascorbic acid content, approximately 2,800 mg.100g-1 of pulp has increased th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista brasileira de botânica 2002-12, Vol.25 (4), p.441-448
Main Authors: MAUÉS, MÁRCIA  M.(Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Laboratório de Entomologia), COUTURIER, GUY(Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle)
Format: Article
Language:Portuguese
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Summary:The camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H. B.K.) McVaugh, Myrtaceae) is a native fruit tree found on seasonaly flooded banks of Amazonian rivers and lakes, which is being domesticated for cultivation on non-flooded areas. Its high ascorbic acid content, approximately 2,800 mg.100g-1 of pulp has increased the demand for local market and exportation. The floral biology and reproductive phenology of camu-camu were investigated in 1997 and 1998. The studies were carried out in orchards at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, located in Belém and in areas of natural occurrence in Santarém and Oriximiná, Pará State, northern Brazil. Direct observations on the visitors behavior were done, as well as capturing of specimens for identification. M. dubia showed inflorescences with white, polyandrous, hermaphroditic flowers. Anthesis occurred between 5:00 to 7:00 a.m. The pollen grains are dry, easily carried by wind or gravity, being the main flower resource. The osmophores are located at the calyx, corolla, anthers and stigma. The flowering phenology was "steady-state" type, and showed a peak in March. Fruitification was higher in July. Partial leaf fall was observed in all the studied plants, mainly in November. The main flower visitors were Nannotrigona punctata and Trigona pallens (Meliponinae), as well as small beetles (Chrysomelidae). The stingless bees were considered the legitimate pollinators. O camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh, Myrtaceae) é uma fruteira nativa que ocorre nas margens de rios e lagos inundáveis da Amazônia, e está sendo domesticada visando o cultivo em terra firme. O alto teor de ácido ascórbico nos frutos, cerca de 2.800 mg.100g-1 de polpa, fortalece a demanda para consumo no país e exportação. No período de 1997 a 1998, investigou-se a biologia floral e fenologia reprodutiva do camu-camu, em plantios da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém, e em áreas de ocorrência natural, em Santarém e Oriximiná, no Estado do Pará, norte do Brasil. Observações diretas sobre o comportamento dos visitantes foram acompanhadas da coleta de espécimens para identificação e registro fotográfico. M. dubia apresenta inflorescências com flores brancas, hermafroditas e poliândricas. A antese ocorre entre as 5:00 e 7:00 h. O pólen é seco e facilmente transportado pelo vento ou gravidade, sendo o principal recurso e atrativo floral. Os osmóforos estão localizados no cálice, corola, anteras e estigma. Constatou-se que a fenofase de floração foi do tipo "steady-state", sendo ma
ISSN:0100-8404
1806-9959
1806-9959
DOI:10.1590/S0100-84042002012000008