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Sesame and flaxseed oil: nutritional quality and effects on serum lipids and glucose in rats

This study evaluated the nutritional value of sesame and flaxseed oils and their effects on the lipid and glucose profile of rats fed diets containing different fat combinations. Fatty acid composition, refractive index, and iodine and saponification values were analyzed to characterize the oils. In...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ciência e tecnologia de alimentos 2013-03, Vol.33 (1), p.209-217
Main Authors: Guimarães, Rita de Cássia Avellaneda, Macedo, Maria Lígia Rodrigues, Munhoz, Cláudia Leite, Filiu, Wander, Viana, Luís Henrique, Nozaki, Vanessa Taís, Hiane, Priscila Aiko
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Language:English
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Summary:This study evaluated the nutritional value of sesame and flaxseed oils and their effects on the lipid and glucose profile of rats fed diets containing different fat combinations. Fatty acid composition, refractive index, and iodine and saponification values were analyzed to characterize the oils. In the biological assay, Wistar rats were fed different diets, whose fat composition consisted of varying combinations of flaxseed oil, sesame oil, and animal fat. The primary constituents of the sesame oil were oleic (28.6%), linoleic (28.4%), and lauric acid (14.6%); for the flaxseed oil they were alpha-linolenic (39.90%), oleic (17.97%) and linoleic acid (12.25%). The iodine and saponification values of the oils were within the reference range. Rats fed flaxseed oil-based diets had the lowest serum cholesterol values, whereas rats fed diets with flaxseed oil + sesame oil + animal fat had the highest glucose levels. HDL levels decreased significantly with flaxseed oil. Sesame and flaxseed oils are sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and the flaxseed oil-based diet had a hypocholesterolemic effect, whereas sesame oil showed oxidative stability since it contains high levels of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Este estudo avaliou o valor nutricional do óleo de gergelim e de linhaça e seus efeitos sobre o perfil lipídico e glicose de ratos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes combinações de gordura. Perfil de ácidos graxos, índice de refração, iodo e saponificação foram analisados para caracterizar os óleos. No ensaio biológico, ratos Wistar foram alimentados com diferentes dietas, cuja composição de gordura foi composta de combinações distintas de óleo de linhaça, gergelim e gordura animal. Os principais constituintes do óleo de sésamo foram: oleico (28,6%), linoleico (28,4%) e láurico (14,6%); para o óleo de linhaça, foram: alfalinolênico (39,90%), oleico (17,97%) e linoleico (12,25 %). Valores de iodo e saponificação dos óleos ficaram dentro do intervalo de referência. Ratos alimentados com óleo de linhaça nas dietas tiveram menores valores de colesterol sérico, enquanto que ratos alimentados com óleo de linhaça + óleo de gergelim + gordura animal obtiveram mais altos níveis de glicose. Níveis de HDL diminuíram significativamente com óleo de linhaça. Óleo de gergelim e linhaça são fontes de AGPI, e a dieta contendo óleo de linhaça teve um efeito hipocolesterolêmico, e no óleo de gergelim verificou-se estabilidade oxidativa, uma vez que
ISSN:0101-2061
1678-457X
1678-457X
DOI:10.1590/S0101-20612013005000029