Selection indexes and economic weights applied to runner-peanut breeding

• Published in: Revista brasileira de engenharia agrícola e ambiental 2022-05, Vol.26 (5), p.327-334
• Main Authors: Ramos, Jean P. C., Cavalcanti, José J. V., Freire, Rosa M. M., Silva, Carliane R. C. da, Silva, Maria de F. C. da, Santos, Roseane C. dos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
• ISSN: 1415-4366; 1807-1929; 1807-1929
• DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n5p327-334

ABSTRACT Runner peanuts are known for their high pod yields, but are late to flowering and pod maturation, and the optimal combination of these traits with pod yield is widely desired for peanut improvement. Selection indexes are useful tools for crop breeding. In this study, seven selection indexes combined with economic weights were used in a peanut population to estimate the superior and balanced genetic gains. Eleven runner genotypes were grown in three environments in the Northeast region of Brazil under a randomized block design with five replicates. The following indices were used: Smith and Hazel, Pesek and Baker, Williams, Elston, Subandi, Cruz, and Mulamba & Mock, in combination with the following economic weights: weight 1 for all evaluated traits, primary and secondary traits, genetic variation coefficient, genetic standard deviation, and b coefficient, obtained via multivariate regression. Although the population is genetically uniform, statistical differences were found, indicating sufficient genetic variability to generate selection progress. The combinations involving earliness traits were not satisfactory for production gains. The index based on the Mulamba & Mock rankings combined with weight 1 for all traits proved the optimal combination, as indicated by the most balanced gains. The cultivars Florunner, Cavalo, LGoPE-06, and LViPE-06 are promising germplasm for ensuring satisfactory selection gains based on production means and high heritability of the most evaluated traits. RESUMO O amendoim rasteiro é conhecido pela alta produtividade, porém as plantas são tardias para florar e maturar as vagens. A combinação desses caracteres e produção de vagens é largamente almejada no melhoramento dessa oleaginosa. Índices de seleção são ferramentas úteis para auxiliar no melhoramento da cultura. Neste trabalho foram usados sete índices de seleção combinados com pesos econômicos, com objetivo de estimar ganhos genéticos superiores e equilibrados em uma população de amendoim runner. Onze genótipos foram cultivados em três ambientes na região Nordeste sob o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Foram utilizados os seguintes índices: Smith e Hazel (SH), Pesek e Baker (PB), Williams (W), Elston (E), Subandi (S), índice de Cruz (GI) e Mulamba e Mock (MM), que foram combinados com os pesos econômicos: W1- peso 1 para todas as características avaliadas; PT - traços primários e secundários; CGv - coeficiente de variação genética; SDg - des