Loading…
Silicon influence on the tritrophic interaction: wheat plants, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Aphidius colemani viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)
We studied the tritrophic interaction: wheat, greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and its key natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Aphidius colemani Viereck, in plants with or without silicon fertilization. Treatments consisted of: 1) silicon application via the leaves; 2) silicon app...
Saved in:
Published in: | Neotropical entomology 2004-10, Vol.33 (5), p.619-624 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | eng ; por |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Summary: | We studied the tritrophic interaction: wheat, greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and its key natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Aphidius colemani Viereck, in plants with or without silicon fertilization. Treatments consisted of: 1) silicon application via the leaves; 2) silicon application in the soil 3) control (no application). The evaluations consisted of: a) free-choice aphid preference test in the laboratory, from the 35th day after plant emergence, and b) biological aspects of the immature stages of predator C. externa, feeding on aphids reared on plants from the different treatments. Two treatments were tried in the bioassays involving A. colemani: 1) silicon application in the soil, and 2) control (no application). The biological traits evaluated were: duration of the immature stage, longevity, sex ratio, total developmental time, and percentage parasitism. Silicon application increased the degree of resistance in wheat plants, decreasing greenbug preference in relation to the control. This result could be related to the mechanical barrier provided by silica deposition in the cell wall, which would make it difficult for the stylet to penetrate the plant tissue, as well as an increase in the synthesis of plant defense compounds. However, no indirect effect of silicon application was observed on the biological traits of either the predator or the parasitoid.
Estudou-se a interação tritrófica: trigo, pulgão-verde Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) e seus inimigos naturais-chave Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) e Aphidius colemani Viereck, em plantas com ou sem adubação de silício. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 1) aplicação de silício via foliar; 2) aplicação de silício no solo e 3) testemunha (sem aplicação). As avaliações consistiram: a) teste de preferência do pulgão com chance de escolha em laboratório e b) aspectos biológicos das fases imaturas do predador C. externa, alimentado com pulgões criados em plantas dos diferentes tratamentos. Para a realização dos bioensaios com A. colemani foram realizados dois tratamentos: 1) aplicação de silício no solo e 2) testemunha (sem aplicação). As características biológicas avaliadas foram: duração da fase imatura, longevidade, razão sexual, ciclo total e porcentagem de parasitismo. Verificou-se que a aplicação de silício aumentou o grau de resistência das plantas de trigo diminuindo a preferência do pulgão-verde em relação à testemunha. Esse resultado pode estar relacionado à barreira mecânica propo |
---|---|
ISSN: | 1519-566X 1678-8052 1678-8052 |
DOI: | 10.1590/S1519-566X2004000500012 |