Unicellular Eucaryote as a model in space radiation biology

An issue of the medical training of astronauts is raised due long-term space expeditionary to the International Space Station (ISS) and with the appearance in the near future of manned missions to the Moon and Mars. It was found that during space travel, exposure to microgravity, radiation and other...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Elizarova, Veronika S., Koltovaya, Natalia A.
Format: Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Subjects:
Astronaut training
Astronauts
Biological effects
Extraterrestrial radiation
International Space Station
Mars missions
Mars satellites
Microgravity
Moon
Mutation
Nitrogen ions
Nucleotides
Radiation
Radiation dosage
Relative biological effectiveness (RBE)
Space flight
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Summary:An issue of the medical training of astronauts is raised due long-term space expeditionary to the International Space Station (ISS) and with the appearance in the near future of manned missions to the Moon and Mars. It was found that during space travel, exposure to microgravity, radiation and other kinds of stress can change the human microbiome and lead to disruption of immunoregulatory mechanisms. This, in turn, may affect the ability of astronauts to prevent the acquisition of infectious agents or the reactivation of latent infections, and cognitive abilities. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct microbiological and radiobiological studies of the human microbiome in order to minimize the risk of developing diseases in astronauts during the flight. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the sensitivity of a laboratory yeast strain to the mutagenic effect of irradiation by accelerated nitrogen ions. It is shown that accelerated nitrogen ions have a higher biological effect compared to rarely ionizing γ-radiation. This applies to both lethal and mutagenic effects: relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of a lethal action is 3.5 ± 0.7, relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of a frameshift induction is 4.4±0.6. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence has shown that the overwhelming proportion of frameshift mutations are single nucleotide deletions both in the case of spontaneous occurrence and upon irradiation. However, the proportion of extended deletions increases with increasing radiation dose.
ISSN:0094-243X
1551-7616
DOI:10.1063/5.0063380