Fast transition-edge sensors suitable for photonic quantum computing

• Published in: Journal of applied physics 2023-06, Vol.133 (23)
• Main Authors: Hummatov, Ruslan, Lita, Adriana E., Farrahi, Tannaz, Otrooshi, Negar, Fayer, Samuel, Collins, Matthew J., Durkin, Malcolm, Bennett, Douglas, Ullom, Joel, Mirin, Richard P., Woo Nam, Sae
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied physics; Detectors; Energy resolution; Gold; Photons; Pulsed lasers; Quantum computing; Qubits (quantum computing); Read out systems; Recovery time; Sensors; Silicon substrates; Thermal conductivity; Tungsten
• ISSN: 0021-8979; 1089-7550
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0149478

Photon-number resolving transition-edge sensors (TESs) with near unity system detection efficiency enable novel approaches to quantum computing, for example, heralding robust Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubit states. Increasing the speed of the detectors increases the rate at which these states can be heralded. In addition, depending on the details of the scheme, faster detectors can reduce the complexities of the hardware implementation. In previous work, we demonstrated that adding a small amount of gold between the tungsten film and silicon substrate can increase thermal conductance and reduce detector recovery time. In that study, the readout electronics imposed limitations on stable biasing conditions of the TES detector, and the TES could only be biased at higher than ideal values. In this report, we demonstrate the operation of the TES illuminated by a heavily attenuated pulsed laser running at 1 MHz repetition rate and examine the limits to adding gold to speed up device recovery times using a higher bandwidth readout system. The best performance was achieved by combining a 15 × 15 μ m 2 tungsten TES with 5 μ m 3 of gold, which resulted in a recovery time faster than 250 ns, with an energy resolution of 0.25 eV full-width at half maximum at 0.8 eV photon energy.