A Comparison of a Two-Dimensional and a Three-Dimensional Method for Inclusion Determinations in Tool Steel

To produce clean commercial tool steel the non‐metallic inclusions characteristics have to be known, since they influence the mechanical properties of steel. In this work, inclusion characteristics in steel samples from plant trials were studied. The samples were collected in the steel plant accordi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Steel research international 2010-05, Vol.81 (5), p.398-406
Main Authors: Doostmohammadi, H., Karasev, A., Jönsson, P.G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ALLOY
Chemical engineering
cross sectional method
DEOXIDATION PRODUCTS
electrolytic extraction
INCAFeature
Inclusions
Kemiteknik
LADLE TREATMENT
Metallurgical process and manufacturing engineering
Metallurgical process engineering
Metallurgisk process- och produktionsteknik
Metallurgisk processteknik
Samples
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
steel cleanness
Steels
TECHNOLOGY
TEKNIKVETENSKAP
Three dimensional
Tool steels
Two dimensional
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Summary:To produce clean commercial tool steel the non‐metallic inclusions characteristics have to be known, since they influence the mechanical properties of steel. In this work, inclusion characteristics in steel samples from plant trials were studied. The samples were collected in the steel plant according the two following methods: (a) 2D investigations of inclusions by a cross sectional method and (b) 3D investigations of inclusions collected on a film filter after electrolytic extraction. More specifically, the chemical composition, morphology, number and size distribution of inclusions in tool steel samples taken from ladle during melt treatment were determined by both methods. In both methods SEM equipped with EDS was used for compositional analysis of inclusions. In addition, in the cross sectional method an automated detection program called ‘INCAFeature’ was used to collect more statistics of non‐metallic inclusions. The composition of inclusions larger than 5 µm was found to contain 49% CaO based on the results from both methods. However, for smaller inclusions it was found that the accuracy of the 2D method was less than that of the 3D method due to the influence of the metal matrix on the results. In addition, it was found that a critical inclusion size of 4 µm could be defined for the 3D method, above which the standard deviation in composition determination was very low.
ISSN:1611-3683
1869-344X
1869-344X
DOI:10.1002/srin.200900149