Nanomedicine and nanotoxicology: the pros and cons for neurodegeneration and brain cancer

Current strategies for brain diseases are mostly symptomatic and noncurative. Nanotechnology has the potential to facilitate the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier and to enhance their pharmacokinetic profile. However, to reach clinical application, an understanding of nanoneurotoxici...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomedicine (London, England) England), 2016-01, Vol.11 (2), p.171-187
Main Authors: Catalan-Figueroa, Johanna, Palma-Florez, Sujey, Alvarez, Gonzalo, Fritz, Hans F, Jara, Miguel O, Morales, Javier O
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - administration & dosage
Autophagy
Biomedical materials
brain
Brain cancer
Brain Neoplasms - drug therapy
cancer
Cancer therapies
Cytotoxicity
drug delivery
Drug Design
Edema
Humans
Mitochondria
Nanocapsules - administration & dosage
Nanocapsules - adverse effects
nanomedicine
Nanomedicine - trends
Nanoparticles
nanotoxicology
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases - chemically induced
Neurodegenerative Diseases - prevention & control
oxidative stress
Physiology
Proteins
Risk Assessment
Toxicology - trends
Transmission electron microscopy
Tumors
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Summary:Current strategies for brain diseases are mostly symptomatic and noncurative. Nanotechnology has the potential to facilitate the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier and to enhance their pharmacokinetic profile. However, to reach clinical application, an understanding of nanoneurotoxicity in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation is required. Emerging evidence has also shown that nanoparticles have the ability to alter autophagy, which can induce inflammation and oxidative stress, or vice versa. These effects may increase neurodegenerative processes damage, but on the other hand, they may have benefits for brain cancer therapies. In this review, we emphasize how nanomaterials may induce neurotoxic effects focusing on neurodegeneration, and how these effects could be exploited toward brain cancer treatment.
ISSN:1743-5889
1748-6963
1748-6963
DOI:10.2217/nnm.15.189