Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in municipal wastewater: an uncharted threat?

Aims:  (i) To cultivate methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), (ii) To characterize the indigenous MRSA‐flora, (iii) To investigate how the treatment process affects clonal distribution and (iv) To examine the genetic relation between...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied microbiology 2010-04, Vol.108 (4), p.1244-1251
Main Authors: Börjesson, S., Matussek, A., Melin, S., Löfgren, S., Lindgren, P.E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
antibiotic resistance
Bacterial Proteins - analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Cluster Analysis
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
MEDICIN
MEDICINE
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - classification
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - genetics
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - physiology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Microbiology
Panton-Valentine leukocidin
SCCmec
Sewage - microbiology
spa typing
Staphylococcus aureus
wastewater
wastewater treatment plant
Water Purification
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Summary:Aims:  (i) To cultivate methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), (ii) To characterize the indigenous MRSA‐flora, (iii) To investigate how the treatment process affects clonal distribution and (iv) To examine the genetic relation between MRSA from wastewater and clinical MRSA. Methods:  Wastewater samples were collected during 2 months at four key sites in the WWTP. MRSA isolates were characterized using spa typing, antibiograms, SSCmec typing and detection of Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Conclusions:  MRSA could be isolated on all sampling occasions, but only from inlet and activated sludge. The number of isolates and diversity of MRSA were reduced by the treatment process, but there are indications that the process was selected for strains with more extensive antibiotic resistance and PVL+ strains. The wastewater MRSA‐flora had a close genetic relationship to clinical isolates, most likely reflecting carriage in the community. Significance and Impact of the Study:  This study shows that MRSA survives in wastewater and that the WWTP may be a potential reservoir for MRSA.
ISSN:1364-5072
1365-2672
1365-2672
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04515.x